[Disorders of arousal: the mechanism of occurrence, neurophysiological features].

The article covers the current state of the problem of disorders of arousal (DOAs). The clinical features and diagnostics of the disease are described in detail. Separately, emphasis is placed on the mechanisms of the occurrence of DOAs and the characteristic changes in the central nervous system. The question of neurophysiological changes preceding the clinical manifestation of DOAs and the concept of local sleep as a physiological basis for the occurrence of DOAs are considered. Current therapeutic approaches in the treatment of these forms of parasomnias are reviewed.