Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 1, rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex, France; Neurochirurgie Neurotraumatologie, Centre Hospitalo Universitaire de Nantes, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, 44000 Nantes Cedex 1, France.
Laboratoire d'Anatomie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, 1, rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex, France.
Ann Anat. 2019 Nov;226:23-28. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2019.07.004. Epub 2019 Jul 19.
The inferolateral trunk (ILT) is one of the two more common branches of the cavernous internal carotid artery (ICA). Its knowledge is important for skull base surgery and endovascular interventional procedures. The ILT is described with superior, anterior and posterior branch, which is the complete form. These branches vascularize the oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal and abducens nerves into the cavernous sinus and superior orbital fissure (SOF) courses, and through the foramens rotundum and ovale. We performed 21 injected embalmed cadaveric dissections combined with six specimen tomodensitometry. The ILT originates from the horizontal ICA segment and passes above the abducens nerve. Three branches arise from the ILT between the cavernous ICA and the ophthalmic and maxillary nerves initial courses. The main differences with the literature are the number of branches and their cranial nerves' blood supply. The more frequent ILT conformation is the incomplete form with anterior and posterior branch (13/21); the complete form is present in 5/13 sides (38%) and the ILT is in common with the meningohypophyseal trunk in 3/21 (14%) sides. The anterior branch always vascularizes the cranial nerves into the SOF course and most often the maxillary nerve through the foramen rotundum. The posterior branch always vascularizes the mandibular nerve through the foramen ovale course and sometimes the maxillary nerve. This study has demonstrated that there are anastomoses between these branches and arteries arising from the external carotid. This study explains why the sacrifice of a branch of the ILT does not implicate cranial nerve palsy.
海绵窦内颈动脉（ICA）的两条较常见分支之一是外侧下干（ILT）。它的知识对于颅底手术和血管内介入程序很重要。ILT 有上、前和后支，这是完整的形式。这些分支将动眼神经、滑车神经、三叉神经和展神经血管化到海绵窦和眶上裂（SOF）行程中，并通过圆孔和卵圆孔。我们进行了 21 例注射防腐尸体解剖，结合 6 例标本体层摄影术。ILT 起源于水平 ICA 段，位于展神经上方。在海绵窦 ICA 和眼神经和上颌神经初始行程之间，ILT 有 3 个分支。与文献的主要区别在于分支的数量及其颅神经的血液供应。更常见的 ILT 构成为前支和后支（13/21）不完整形式；完整形式存在于 5/13 侧（38%），ILT 与脑膜垂体干在 3/21 侧（14%）共同存在。前支始终将颅神经血管化到 SOF 行程中，最常见的是通过圆孔的上颌神经。后支始终通过卵圆孔血管化下颌神经，有时是上颌神经。这项研究表明，这些分支与来自颈外动脉的动脉之间存在吻合。这解释了为什么牺牲 ILT 的分支不会导致颅神经麻痹。
