Addressing Unmet Patient Care Needs Through Curricular Development of Student Pharmacist Leadership and Entrepreneurial Skills.

To develop, deliver, and evaluate an innovative curriculum designed to increase student pharmacists' skills and confidence in addressing unmet patient care needs and the Institute for Healthcare Improvement's (IHI) Triple Aim goals in the community pharmacy setting. Course modules developed collaboratively between the University of Washington and Washington State University focused on student pharmacist exposure to and direct application of leadership theory in addressing real world challenges. Both programs delivered the curriculum to all second-year student pharmacists during the fall 2015 and fall 2016 semesters. Student teams were asked to identify a new or enhanced service for a community pharmacy based on a needs assessment and the IHI's Triple Aim goals. Students completed precourse, postcourse, and retrospective assessments of their confidence, comfort level in leadership theory application, and project implementation. Effectiveness of the project pitch and team dynamics were assessed. Precourse, postcourse, and retrospective assessments of individual student progress in leadership, innovation, self-awareness, and professionalism also were completed. For all confidence questions, a significant relationship was found between mean precourse and postcourse scores. A comparison of students' postcourse scores and their retrospective reflection scores indicated an increase in confidence to lead. At the conclusion of the course, the students reported improved confidence in their ability to communicate decisions (73%), create a vision (64%), and form a guiding coalition (55%). A five-module curriculum with corresponding project proposal successfully increased the confidence and comfort level of student pharmacists' in their leadership skillset.