National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Laiko General Hospital, 17 Ag. Thoma St., 11527 Athens, Greece.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 30;16(15):2720. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152720.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a growing global public health problem, the prevalence of which is projected to increase in the succeeding decades. It is potentially associated with many complications, affecting multiple organs and causing a huge burden to the society. Due to its multi-factorial pathophysiology, its treatment is varied and based upon a multitude of pharmacologic agents aiming to tackle the many aspects of the disease pathophysiology (increasing insulin availability [either through direct insulin administration or through agents that promote insulin secretion], improving sensitivity to insulin, delaying the delivery and absorption of carbohydrates from the gastrointestinal tract, or increasing urinary glucose excretion). DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase-4) inhibitors (or "gliptins") represent a class of oral anti-hyperglycemic agents that inhibit the enzyme DPP-4, thus augmenting the biological activity of the "incretin" hormones (glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide [GIP]) and restoring many of the pathophysiological problems of diabetes. They have already been used over more than a decade in the treatment of the disease. The current manuscript will review the mechanism of action, therapeutic utility, and the role of DPP-4 inhibitors for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
2 型糖尿病是一个日益严重的全球公共卫生问题，预计在未来几十年其患病率将会增加。它可能与许多并发症有关，影响多个器官，并给社会带来巨大负担。由于其多因素病理生理学，其治疗方法多种多样，基于多种旨在解决疾病病理生理学多个方面的药物（增加胰岛素的可用性[通过直接给予胰岛素或通过促进胰岛素分泌的药物]、提高胰岛素敏感性、延迟胃肠道碳水化合物的输送和吸收，或增加尿糖排泄）。DPP-4（二肽基肽酶-4）抑制剂（或“gliptins”）是一类口服抗高血糖药物，可抑制 DPP-4 酶，从而增强“肠降胰岛素肽”（胰高血糖素样肽-1 [GLP-1] 和葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素释放肽 [GIP]）的生物活性，并恢复糖尿病的许多病理生理学问题。它们已经在治疗该疾病方面使用了十多年。本文将回顾 DPP-4 抑制剂治疗 2 型糖尿病的作用机制、治疗效果和作用。
