1Department of Pediatrics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island USA.
2Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California USA.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019 Jul 22;8:125. doi: 10.1186/s13756-019-0574-7. eCollection 2019.
Seasonal variation has been observed for various bacterial and viral infections. We aimed to further study seasonality of respiratory viruses and bacterial pathogens in relation to antibiotic use, as well as meteorological parameters.
An ecologic study of antibiotic exposure, meteorological parameters, detection of respiratory viruses and clinical isolates of , Methicillin-resistant (MRSA), , and and (grouped together as gram-negative bacteria; GNB) in Rhode Island from 2012 to 2016.
Peak detection of occurred 3 months after the peak in antibiotic prescriptions filled (OR = 1.24, 95% CI, 1.07-1.43; = 0.006). Peak MRSA detection was noted 7 months after the peak in antibiotic prescriptions filled (OR = 1.69, 95% CI, 1.21-2.35; = 0.003) and 10 months after the peak in respiratory virus detection (OR = 1.04, 95% CI, 1.01-1.06; = 0.003). Peak GNB detection was noted 2 months after the peak mean monthly ambient temperature (OR = 1.69, 95% C.I., 1.20-2.39; = 0.004). Peak detection of was noted at the same time as the peak in detection of respiratory viruses (OR = 1.01, 95% C.I., 1.00-1.01; = 0.015).
We identified distinct seasonal variation in detection of respiratory viruses and bacterial pathogens. seasonality may, in part, be related to antibiotic prescriptions filled; GNB seasonality may be related to ambient temperature and may be related to concurrent respiratory viral infections.
已观察到各种细菌和病毒感染存在季节性变化。我们旨在进一步研究与抗生素使用以及气象参数相关的呼吸道病毒和细菌病原体的季节性。
对 2012 年至 2016 年罗德岛的抗生素暴露、气象参数、呼吸道病毒检测以及耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）、肺炎链球菌和酿脓链球菌（统称革兰氏阴性菌；GNB）临床分离株进行了生态研究。
抗生素处方高峰后 3 个月出现了 高峰（比值比[OR] = 1.24，95%置信区间[CI]，1.07-1.43； = 0.006）。MRSA 检测高峰出现在抗生素处方高峰后 7 个月（OR = 1.69，95%CI，1.21-2.35； = 0.003）和呼吸道病毒检测高峰后 10 个月（OR = 1.04，95%CI，1.01-1.06； = 0.003）。GNB 检测高峰出现在平均月环境温度高峰后 2 个月（OR = 1.69，95%CI，1.20-2.39； = 0.004）。肺炎球菌的检测高峰与呼吸道病毒的检测高峰同时出现（OR = 1.01，95%CI，1.00-1.01； = 0.015）。
我们发现呼吸道病毒和细菌病原体的检测存在明显的季节性变化。季节性可能部分与抗生素处方有关；GNB 的季节性可能与环境温度有关，而肺炎球菌可能与同时发生的呼吸道病毒感染有关。
