Gausemeier Bernd
Institut für Geschichte, Ethik und Philosophie der Medizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
NTM. 2019 Sep;27(3):311-341. doi: 10.1007/s00048-019-00219-6.
The emergence of cardiovascular diseases from stress, i.e. psychosocial pressure, was a constitutive element in the international medical discourse of the 1960s and 1970s. This article describes an East German variant of the stress discourse, developed by Rudolf Baumann and his associates at the Institute for cortico-visceral pathology and therapy in Berlin-Buch. The group sought to develop a genuinely materialist approach to the problem of psychosocially caused diseases, as well as ways of therapy and prevention suited to a socialist health system. At the same time, it was constantly drawing on Western concepts and practices. By examining this project in international context, congruences and differences between Eastern and Western perceptions of the stressful effects of industrial society are worked out. Furthermore, the article discusses that the concept of stress implied ambitious programs for social prevention and therapy, the realization of which in both political systems was constrained by the social reality.
20世纪60年代和70年代，因压力（即社会心理压力）导致的心血管疾病在国际医学论述中是一个重要组成部分。本文描述了东德的一种压力论述变体，由鲁道夫·鲍曼及其在柏林-布赫的皮质-内脏病理与治疗研究所的同事们提出。该团队试图针对社会心理因素导致的疾病问题开发一种真正的唯物主义方法，以及适合社会主义卫生系统的治疗和预防方法。与此同时，它不断借鉴西方的概念和实践。通过在国际背景下审视这个项目，梳理出东西方对工业社会压力影响的认知中的异同。此外，本文还讨论了压力概念蕴含着宏大的社会预防和治疗计划，而这两个政治体系中这些计划的实现都受到社会现实的制约。
