脊髓损伤患者使用自己的轮椅会改变对外空间知觉。

Embodying their own wheelchair modifies extrapersonal space perception in people with spinal cord injury.

机构信息

NPSY-Lab.VR, Department of Human Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Unit, Sondalo Hospital, Dipartimento Cronicità e Fragilità, ASST della Valtellina e dell'Alto Lario, Sondrio, Italy.

出版信息

Exp Brain Res. 2019 Oct;237(10):2621-2632. doi: 10.1007/s00221-019-05618-8. Epub 2019 Aug 2.

Abstract

Despite the many links between body representation, acting and perceiving the environment, no research has to date explored whether specific tool embodiment in conditions of sensorimotor deprivation influences extrapersonal space perception. We tested 20 spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals to investigate whether specific wheelchair embodiment interacts with extrapersonal space representation. As a measure of wheelchair embodiment, we used a Body View Enhancement Task in which participants (either sitting in their own wheelchair or in one which they had never used before) were asked to respond promptly to flashing lights presented on their above- and below-lesion body parts. Similar or slower reaction times (RT) to stimuli on the body and wheelchair indicate, respectively, the presence or absence of tool embodiment. The RTs showed that the participants embodied their own wheelchair but not the other one. Moreover, they coded their deprived lower limbs as external objects and, when not in their own wheelchair, also showed disownership of their intact upper limbs. To measure extrapersonal space perception, we used a novel, ad hoc designed paradigm in which the participants were asked to observe a 3D scenario by means of immersive virtual reality and estimate the distance of a flag positioned on a ramp. In healthy subjects, errors in estimation increased as the distance increased, suggesting that they mentally represent the physical distance. The same occurred with the SCI participants, but only when they were in their own wheelchair. The results demonstrate for the first time that tool embodiment modifies extrapersonal space estimations.

摘要

尽管身体表现、行为和感知环境之间存在许多联系,但迄今为止,没有研究探讨过在感觉运动剥夺的情况下,特定工具的体现是否会影响外在空间感知。我们测试了 20 名脊髓损伤(SCI)患者,以研究特定轮椅体现是否与外在空间表现相互作用。作为轮椅体现的衡量标准,我们使用了身体视图增强任务,参与者(无论是坐在自己的轮椅上还是从未使用过的轮椅上)被要求对身体上下部位呈现的闪烁灯光做出快速反应。如果对身体和轮椅上的刺激的反应时间(RT)相似或较慢,则分别表示存在或不存在工具体现。RT 表明参与者体现了自己的轮椅,但没有体现其他轮椅。此外,他们将自己被剥夺的下肢编码为外部物体,并且当他们不在自己的轮椅上时,也表现出对完好的上肢的否认。为了测量外在空间感知,我们使用了一种新颖的、特别设计的范式,参与者通过沉浸式虚拟现实观察一个 3D 场景,并估计放置在斜坡上的旗帜的距离。在健康受试者中,随着距离的增加,估计的误差增加,表明他们在心理上表示了物理距离。同样的情况也发生在 SCI 参与者身上,但仅当他们坐在自己的轮椅上时才会发生。结果首次证明,工具体现会改变外在空间的估计。

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