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脂筏途径在托芬那酸抑制转化生长因子β介导的肝癌细胞转移中的作用。

The involvement of lipid raft pathway in suppression of TGFβ-mediated metastasis by tolfenamic acid in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

机构信息

State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.

State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.

出版信息

Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019 Oct 1;380:114696. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.114696. Epub 2019 Aug 2.

Abstract

TGFβ signaling plays an important role in orchestrating a favorable microenvironment for tumor cell growth and promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition. As a conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammation drugs, tolfenamic acid (TA) has been previously reported to exhibit anti-cancer activity. Herein, we investigated the effect of TA on TGFβ-mediated pro-metastatic activity and the underlying mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As a result, TA suppresses TGFβ-induced migration and glycolysis in HCC cells, which is accompanied with reduced Smad phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear transcription activity. Mechanistically, TA promotes lipid raft-caveolar internalization pathway of TGFβ receptor, therefore leading to its rapid turnover. Consistently, TA inhibits constitutively active TGFβ type I receptor induced Smad phosphorylation and EMT markers, whereas ectopic expression of TGFβ type II receptor could partially rescue TGFβ-mediated Smad2 phosphorylation and downstream genes expression in the presence of TA. Furthermore, TA inhibited HCC cells invasion in nude mice, associated with the alteration of characteristics related with EMT and glycolysis of cancer cells. Our study suggests TA could activate lipid raft pathway and modulate TGFβ mediated metastasis, implicating the potential application of TA as a modulator of tumor microenvironment in HCC.

摘要

TGFβ 信号通路在协调有利于肿瘤细胞生长的微环境和促进上皮-间充质转化方面发挥着重要作用。作为一种传统的非甾体抗炎药,托芬酸(TA)先前已被报道具有抗癌活性。在此,我们研究了 TA 对 TGFβ 介导的促转移活性及其在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的潜在机制。结果表明,TA 抑制 HCC 细胞中 TGFβ 诱导的迁移和糖酵解,这伴随着 Smad 磷酸化的减少和随后的核转录活性。在机制上,TA 促进 TGFβ 受体的脂筏-小窝内化途径,从而导致其快速周转。一致地,TA 抑制持续激活的 TGFβ 型 I 受体诱导的 Smad 磷酸化和 EMT 标志物,而在 TA 存在的情况下,外源性表达 TGFβ 型 II 受体可以部分挽救 TGFβ 介导的 Smad2 磷酸化和下游基因表达。此外,TA 抑制裸鼠 HCC 细胞的侵袭,与 EMT 和癌细胞糖酵解相关特征的改变有关。我们的研究表明,TA 可以激活脂筏途径并调节 TGFβ 介导的转移,这暗示了 TA 作为 HCC 肿瘤微环境调节剂的潜在应用。

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