Is sensory processing associated with prematurity, motor and cognitive development at 12 months of age?

BACKGROUND

Prematurity may be a risk factor for sensory processing difficulties. Limited research has investigated sensory processing in preterm infants in their first year of life, when sensory processing dysfunctions are more subtle and difficult to detect.

AIMS

The aims of this study were to investigate the association between prematurity and sensory processing and the associations between sensory processing and motor and cognitive development in infants at 12 months of age.

STUDY DESIGN

Cross-sectional study.

SUBJECTS

45 infants allocated in two groups: control (37-41 weeks' gestation) and preterm (<34 weeks' gestation).

OUTCOME MEASURES

Sensory processing was assessed with the Test of Sensory Functions in Infants (TSFI). Motor and cognitive development was assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III).

RESULTS

Preterm group was associated with significant decrease in TSFI's total (p < 0.01), reactivity to deep tactile pressure (p = 0.02) and vestibular stimulation reactivity (p = 0.03) scores. Bayley-III motor score was positive associated with TFSI score on ocular-motor control domain (p = 0.03). Bayley-III cognitive score and TSFI scores were not significantly associated.

CONCLUSIONS

Prematurity negatively interferes with sensory processing, especially in tactile and vestibular domains, and better sensory processing in ocular-motor control contributes to better motor performance at 12 months of age. It is important to consider sensory processing in early developmental evaluation and interventions to promote better developmental outcomes in preterm infants.