Osborn J E
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109.
AIDS. 1988;2 Suppl 1:S229-33.
Prospects for vaccines to prevent HIV infection and disease have dimmed appreciably in the past year, and drugs for chemoprophylaxis and/or chemical cure are both unlikely and grossly unrealistic as a means of global HIV control. However, the paucity of transmission routes and their susceptibility to strategies of blood screening and of education for behavior modification point in a clear direction for concerted effort. Where they have been applied, blood screening programs have resulted in a dramatic reduction in transfusion-associated infections, and efforts at enhancing donor- and unit-deferral strategies offer promise of further decrease in risk. There is much encouragement in recent reports of education for prevention. While there has been some unevenness in the extent to which successful risk reeducation has occurred, it is nonetheless dramatic compared with prior health educational efforts, and especially so given the exceptional sensitivity of the sexual and illicit drug using behaviors at issue. Finally, clearly articulated public education and particularly correction of misinformation, can contribute significantly to overall prevention efforts by easing fear and enhancing the climate in which persons at behavioral risk of HIV infection can receive and respond to targeted messages.
在过去一年中，预防艾滋病毒感染和疾病的疫苗前景明显黯淡，作为全球艾滋病毒控制手段，化学预防和/或化学治愈药物既不太可能实现，也极不现实。然而，传播途径有限，且它们对血液筛查策略和行为改变教育策略敏感，这为共同努力指明了明确方向。在实施了血液筛查计划的地方，输血相关感染显著减少，加强献血者和血库延期策略的努力有望进一步降低风险。近期预防教育报告带来了很多鼓舞。虽然成功的风险再教育程度存在一定差异，但与之前的健康教育努力相比，其效果显著，尤其是考虑到所涉及的性行为和非法药物使用行为具有极高的敏感性。最后，清晰明确的公众教育，尤其是纠正错误信息，通过减轻恐惧并改善艾滋病毒感染行为风险人群能够接收并回应针对性信息的环境，可对整体预防工作做出重大贡献。
