Buranakarl C, Thammacharoen S, Semsirmboon S, Sutayatram S, Chanpongsang S, Chaiyabutr N, Katoh K
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2020 Jun;33(6):921-929. doi: 10.5713/ajas.19.0069. Epub 2019 Aug 23.
The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation with oil palm frond (leaf) (OPF) with and without oil palm meal (OPM) on nutrient intake and digestibility, ruminal fermentation and growth performance in goats.
Six female crossbred goats were fed for 28 days of 3 diet treatments; 100% paragrass (T1); 50% para-grass + 50% OPF (T2), and 30% para-grass + 50% OPF + 20% OPM (T3). Body weight, rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and urine volume, food intake, dry matter intake and water intake were measured daily. Nutrient digestibility was determined from five consecutive days of last week in each diet. Ruminal fluid, urine and blood were collected at the end for determination of rumen protozoa and volatile fatty acid contents, urinary allantoin excretion, blood cell count and chemistry profiles.
Goats fed T2 and T3 showed higher dry matter and nutrients intakes while protein digestibility was suppressed compared with those for T1. Crude fat digestibility declined in T2 but maintained after adding the OPM (T3). High fat intake by giving OPF and OPM corresponded to a higher ruminal acetate/propionate ratio (C2/C3) and serum cholesterol level. An increased urinary allantoin/creatinine ratio was found in T2 and T3 compared with T1, implying an increased number of ruminal microbes.
Increased dry matter intake in T2 and T3 suggested that oil palm by-products are partly useful as a replacement for para-grass in goats. Replacement with the by-products increased plasma cholesterol level, which suggested that these products are a useful energy source. Changes in rumen parameters suggested an increased microbial number and activity suitable for acetate production. However, the limited digestibility of protein implies that addition of high protein feeds may be recommended to increase body weight gain of goats.
本研究旨在调查添加和不添加油棕粕（OPM）的油棕叶（OPF）日粮对山羊营养物质摄入量和消化率、瘤胃发酵及生长性能的有益影响。
选用6只雌性杂交山羊，对其进行3种日粮处理，为期28天；100%臂形草（T1）；50%臂形草 + 50%油棕叶（T2），以及30%臂形草 + 50%油棕叶 + 20%油棕粕（T3）。每天测量体重、直肠温度、呼吸频率、尿量、采食量、干物质摄入量和饮水量。在每种日粮的最后一周连续5天测定营养物质消化率。在试验结束时采集瘤胃液、尿液和血液，用于测定瘤胃原虫和挥发性脂肪酸含量、尿中尿囊素排泄量、血细胞计数和血液生化指标。
与T1组相比，饲喂T2和T3组的山羊干物质和营养物质摄入量更高，但蛋白质消化率受到抑制。T2组粗脂肪消化率下降，但添加油棕粕后（T3）保持稳定。通过给予油棕叶和油棕粕导致高脂肪摄入量，这与较高的瘤胃乙酸/丙酸比率（C2/C3）和血清胆固醇水平相对应。与T1组相比，T2和T3组的尿中尿囊素/肌酐比率增加，这意味着瘤胃微生物数量增加。
T2和T3组干物质摄入量增加表明，油棕副产品在一定程度上可替代山羊日粮中的臂形草。用这些副产品替代日粮会增加血浆胆固醇水平，这表明这些产品是有用的能量来源。瘤胃参数的变化表明微生物数量和活性增加，适合乙酸的产生。然而，蛋白质消化率有限意味着可能建议添加高蛋白饲料以增加山羊的体重增加。
