Cook Daniel, Lee Stephen T, Panaccione Daniel G, Leadmon Caroline E, Clay Keith, Gardner Dale R
Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA.
West Virginia University, Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
Biochem Syst Ecol. 2019 Oct;86. doi: 10.1016/j.bse.2019.103921. Epub 2019 Jul 16.
Convolvulaceous species have been reported to contain several bioactive principles thought to be toxic to livestock including the calystegines, swainsonine, ergot alkaloids, and indole diterpene alkaloids. Swainsonine, ergot alkaloids, and indole diterpene alkaloids are produced by seed transmitted fungal symbionts associated with their respective plant host, while the calystegines are produced by the plant. To date, and represent the only species and members of the Convolvulaceae known to contain indole diterpene alkaloids, however several other Convolvulaceous species are reported to contain ergot alkaloids. To further explore the biodiversity of species that may contain indole diterpenes, we analyzed several Convolvulaceous species (n=30) for indole diterpene alkaloids, representing four genera, , , , and , that had been previously reported to contain ergot alkaloids. These species were also verified to contain ergot alkaloids and subsequently analyzed for swainsonine. Ergot alkaloids were detected in 18 species representing all four genera screened, indole diterpenes were detected in two species and eight species of the 18 that contained ergot alkaloids, and swainsonine was detected in two species. The data suggest a strong association exists between the relationship of the species associated with each host and the occurrence of the ergot alkaloids and/or the indole diterpenes reported here. Likewise there appears to be an association between the occurrence of the respective bioactive principle and the genetic relatedness of the respective host plant species.
旋花科植物已被报道含有多种对家畜有毒的生物活性成分，包括加州地锦草胺、苦马豆素、麦角生物碱和吲哚二萜生物碱。苦马豆素、麦角生物碱和吲哚二萜生物碱由与其各自植物宿主相关的种子传播真菌共生体产生，而加州地锦草胺则由植物产生。迄今为止，[具体植物名称1]和[具体植物名称2]是旋花科中已知含有吲哚二萜生物碱的仅有的两个物种和成员，然而据报道其他几种旋花科植物含有麦角生物碱。为了进一步探索可能含有吲哚二萜的物种的生物多样性，我们分析了几种旋花科植物（n = 30）中的吲哚二萜生物碱，这些植物代表了四个属，[属名1]、[属名2]、[属名3]和[属名4]，它们之前被报道含有麦角生物碱。这些物种也被证实含有麦角生物碱，随后对其进行了苦马豆素分析。在所筛选的代表所有四个属的18个物种中检测到了麦角生物碱，在含有麦角生物碱的18个物种中的两个[具体植物名称3]物种和八个[具体植物名称4]物种中检测到了吲哚二萜，在两个[具体植物名称5]物种中检测到了苦马豆素。数据表明，与每个宿主相关的[具体植物名称3]物种的关系与本文报道的麦角生物碱和/或吲哚二萜的出现之间存在很强的关联。同样，各自生物活性成分的出现与各自宿主植物物种的遗传相关性之间似乎也存在关联。
