Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
J Anim Sci. 2019 Nov 4;97(11):4557-4566. doi: 10.1093/jas/skz292.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary garcinol supplementation during late gestation (from the 90th day of pregnancy; day 90) and lactation on the acid-base balance of the umbilical cord blood and performance of sows and piglets. Sixty sows (Duroc × Yorkshire × Landrace; second- or third-parity; n = 20) were randomly divided into 3 gestation (day 90 of pregnancy) or lactation treatments, control diet (CON; basal diet), basal diet with 200 mg garcinol, and basal diet with 600 mg garcinol per kg of feed. The body weight (BW); backfat thickness and litter size of the sows; and birth weight, weaning weight, and mortality of piglets were recorded. Sows' blood and piglets' umbilical cord blood were collected for the measurements of hematological parameters and antioxidative and immune indexes, and acid-base balance parameters, respectively. The colostrum and milk and fecal samples of the sows were also collected for analysis of milk composition and apparent total tract nutrient digestibility. Garcinol had no effect on the BW and backfat thickness of the sows but significantly increased the birth weight and weaning weight of piglets (P < 0.05) and decreased the mortality (P < 0.05). Moreover, the white blood cell counts and neutrophil count, mean cell hemoglobin, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activity in the plasma of the sows were increased more significantly (P < 0.05) in the garcinol groups than that in the CON group, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased (P < 0.05). The garcinol treatment significantly increased the pH, HCO3- and base excess values (P < 0.05), whereas it decreased the pCO2 and lactate content (P < 0.05) in the umbilical blood. Dry matter (DM), ash, and ether extract in the colostrum were similar between groups (P > 0.05), whereas the garcinol significantly increased the crude protein (CP) in the milk. In addition, the content of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the plasma of piglets and in colostrum and milk of sows were increased more significantly (P < 0.05) in the garcinol groups than that in the CON group. The apparent total tract nutrient digestibility was similar between treatments. Collectively, this study indicates that sows fed with garcinol in late gestation and lactation showed improved maternal health and antioxidative status, milk protein content, acid-base balance in the umbilical cord blood, and growth performance in piglets, showing promise in natural plant extract nutrition for sows.
本研究旨在评估妊娠晚期（妊娠第 90 天；第 90 天）和哺乳期添加膳食藤黄酚对脐带血酸碱平衡以及母猪和仔猪性能的影响。60 头母猪（杜洛克×约克夏×长白；二胎或三胎；n = 20）随机分为 3 个妊娠期（妊娠第 90 天）或哺乳期处理，对照组（CON；基础日粮），基础日粮添加 200 mg 藤黄酚和基础日粮添加 600 mg 藤黄酚/千克饲料。记录母猪体重（BW）；背膘厚度和窝仔数；以及仔猪的初生重、断奶重和死亡率。采集母猪血液和仔猪脐带血，分别用于测定血液学参数和抗氧化及免疫指标以及酸碱平衡参数。还采集母猪的初乳和乳汁以及粪便样本，用于分析乳成分和表观全肠道养分消化率。藤黄酚对母猪 BW 和背膘厚度没有影响，但显著提高了仔猪的初生重和断奶重（P < 0.05），降低了死亡率（P < 0.05）。此外，母猪血浆中的白细胞计数和中性粒细胞计数、平均红细胞血红蛋白、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性在藤黄酚组中增加更为显著（P < 0.05），而丙二醛（MDA）含量降低（P < 0.05）。藤黄酚处理显著提高了脐带血的 pH、HCO3-和碱剩余值（P < 0.05），而降低了 pCO2 和乳酸含量（P < 0.05）。初乳中干物质（DM）、灰分和乙醚提取物在各组之间无差异（P > 0.05），而藤黄酚显著增加了乳汁中的粗蛋白（CP）。此外，仔猪血浆中免疫球蛋白 A（IgA）和免疫球蛋白 G（IgG）的含量以及母猪初乳和乳汁中的含量在藤黄酚组中增加更为显著（P < 0.05）。各处理组间的表观全肠道养分消化率无差异。总之，本研究表明，妊娠晚期和哺乳期母猪饲粮添加藤黄酚可改善母猪的健康和抗氧化状态、乳蛋白含量、脐带血酸碱平衡和仔猪的生长性能，为母猪天然植物提取物营养提供了希望。
