放养天数对皖南黄鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质、免疫器官指数和血液生化指标的影响。
Influence of free-range days on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, lymphoid organ indices, and blood biochemistry of Wannan Yellow chickens.
机构信息
College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Local Animal Genetic Resources Conservation and Bio-breeding, Hefei 230036, China.
出版信息
Poult Sci. 2019 Dec 1;98(12):6602-6610. doi: 10.3382/ps/pez504.
This study investigated the effects of free-range days on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, lymphoid organ indices, and blood biochemical parameters of Wannan Yellow chickens. A total of 1,000 one-day-old male Wannan Yellow chickens were reared to 56 D. At 56 D of age, 960 birds with similar body weight (BW) were randomly allocated to free-range treatment at 56, 70, 84, and 98 D of age (assigned to free-range treatment for 42, 28, 14, and 0 D, respectively); 6 replicates with 40 chickens per treatment. In the free-range system, chickens were reared in indoor floor pens with an outdoor free-range paddock measuring 4 × 7 m (28 m2, 1.5 birds/m2). Results showed that BW of birds decreased significantly in the first 2 wk after birds were assigned to free-range treatment compared with those in the conventional treatment (P < 0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) for chickens assigned to free-range treatment from 56 to 70 D of age, while feed conversion ratio increased significantly (P < 0.05). Breast yield increased linearly with increasing free-range days (P < 0.05), whereas leg and foot yields decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Drip loss and L* value of thigh muscle decreased linearly with increasing free-range days (P < 0.05), while shear force improved linearly (P < 0.05). Additionally, the absolute thymus weight and thymus to BW ratio showed significant increasing and then decreasing quadratic responses to increasing free-range days (P < 0.05). Furthermore, serum glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride content declined linearly, while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content increased linearly with increasing free-range days (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing free-range days had positive effects on breast yield, shear force, thymus weight, and HDL-C content, but negatively affected leg yield, foot yield, drip loss, L* value of thigh muscle, glucose, total protein, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels of Wannan Yellow chickens.
本研究旨在探讨放养天数对皖南黄鸡生长性能、胴体特性、肉质、免疫器官指数和血液生化参数的影响。选用 1000 只 1 日龄皖南黄鸡公雏，饲养至 56 日龄。56 日龄时，选择体重相近的 960 只鸡，随机分为自由放养组，于 56、70、84 和 98 日龄（分别自由放养 42、28、14 和 0 天）；每组设 6 个重复，每个重复 40 只鸡。在自由放养系统中，鸡舍内饲养在室内地板上，室外有一个 4×7m（28m2，1.5 只鸡/m2）的自由放养围场。结果表明，与传统饲养相比，鸡只在被分配到自由放养组的前 2 周内体重显著下降（P＜0.05）。56-70 日龄自由放养组鸡的平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）显著下降（P＜0.05），而饲料转化率显著升高（P＜0.05）。胸肉产量随自由放养天数的增加呈线性增加（P＜0.05），而腿和脚产量随自由放养天数的增加呈线性下降（P＜0.05）。大腿肌肉滴水损失和 L值随自由放养天数的增加呈线性下降（P＜0.05），而剪切力呈线性增加（P＜0.05）。此外，绝对胸腺重量和胸腺与体重比随自由放养天数的增加呈显著的二次增加后下降的反应（P＜0.05）。此外，血清葡萄糖、总蛋白、胆固醇和甘油三酯含量随自由放养天数的增加呈线性下降，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量随自由放养天数的增加呈线性增加（P＜0.05）。综上所述，增加自由放养天数对皖南黄鸡的胸肉产量、剪切力、胸腺重量和 HDL-C 含量有积极影响，但对腿产量、脚产量、滴水损失、大腿肌肉的 L值、葡萄糖、总蛋白、胆固醇和甘油三酯水平有负面影响。
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