膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫微球中内源性六溴环十二烷（HBCDDs）的释放和蚯蚓生物累积。
The release and earthworm bioaccumulation of endogenous hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) from expanded polystyrene foam microparticles.
机构信息
MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
出版信息
Environ Pollut. 2019 Dec;255(Pt 1):113163. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113163. Epub 2019 Sep 12.
Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDDs) are common chemical additives in expanded polystyrene foam (EPS). To evaluate the bioaccumulation potential of endogenous HBCDDs in EPS microparticles by earthworms, two ecologically different species of earthworms (Eisenia fetida and Metaphire guillelmi) were exposed to soil added with EPS microparticles of different particle sizes (EPS, 830-2000 μm and EPS, <830 μm). To clarify the accumulation mechanisms, leaching experiments using EPS microparticles in different solutions were conducted. After exposure to EPS microparticles-amended soils (S-EPS) for 28 d, the total concentrations of HBCDDs reached 307-371 ng g dw in E. fetida and 90-133 ng g dw in M. guillelmi, which were higher than those in earthworms exposed to the soil that was artificially contaminated with a similar level of HBCDDs directly (ACS). The accumulation of HBCDDs in earthworms was significantly influenced by EPS microparticles' size and earthworms' species. The total concentrations of HBCDDs in earthworms' cast were significantly higher than the theoretical concentration of HBCDDs in S-EPS, which suggested that EPS microparticles can be ingested by earthworms. The release rate of HBCDDs from EPS (2000-5000 μm) into water-based solutions (<1%) after a 3.5-h incubation was far lower than that into earthworm digestive fluid (7%). These results illustrated that the ingestion of EPS microparticles and consequent solubilization of HBCDDs by digestive fluid play an important role in the accumulation of HBCDDs contained in EPS microparticles in earthworms. After a 28-d incubation with the soil solution, 4.9% of the HBCDDs was accumulatively leached from the EPS, which indicated that HBCDDs can be released from EPS microparticles to soil environment, and then accumulated by earthworms. Moreover, similar to those exposed to ACS, the diastereoisomer- and enantiomer-specific accumulation of HBCDDs in earthworms occurred when exposed to S-EPS. This study provides more evidence for the risk of microplastics to the soil ecosystem.
六溴环十二烷（HBCDDs）是膨胀聚苯乙烯泡沫（EPS）中常见的化学添加剂。为了评估内源性 HBCDDs 在 EPS 微颗粒中的生物积累潜力，两种生态差异较大的蚯蚓（赤子爱胜蚓和威廉环毛蚓）被暴露于添加不同粒径 EPS 微颗粒（EPS，830-2000 μm 和 EPS，<830 μm）的土壤中。为了阐明积累机制，使用不同溶液中的 EPS 微颗粒进行了浸出实验。在暴露于添加 EPS 微颗粒的土壤（S-EPS）28 d 后，HBCDDs 的总量浓度在赤子爱胜蚓中达到 307-371 ng·g dw，在威廉环毛蚓中达到 90-133 ng·g dw，均高于直接暴露于人工污染有类似水平 HBCDDs 的土壤中的蚯蚓（ACS）。HBCDDs 在蚯蚓体内的积累受到 EPS 微颗粒粒径和蚯蚓种类的显著影响。蚯蚓粪便中 HBCDDs 的总量浓度明显高于 S-EPS 中理论 HBCDDs 浓度，这表明 EPS 微颗粒可被蚯蚓摄入。在 3.5 小时孵育后，EPS（2000-5000 μm）向水基溶液（<1%）中的 HBCDDs 释放率远低于向蚯蚓消化液（7%）中的释放率。这些结果表明，EPS 微颗粒的摄入以及随后消化液中 HBCDDs 的溶解在 EPS 微颗粒中 HBCDDs 在蚯蚓体内的积累中发挥了重要作用。在与土壤溶液孵育 28 d 后，从 EPS 中累积浸出了 4.9%的 HBCDDs，这表明 HBCDDs 可以从 EPS 微颗粒释放到土壤环境中，然后被蚯蚓积累。此外，与暴露于 ACS 的情况类似，当暴露于 S-EPS 时，HBCDDs 在蚯蚓体内也表现出对非对映异构体和对映异构体的特异性积累。本研究为微塑料对土壤生态系统的风险提供了更多证据。
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