Boesen Amanda H, Thiel Alexandra, Fuchs Boris, Evans Alina L, Bertelsen Mads F, Rodushkin Ilia, Arnemo Jon M
Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Koppang, Norway.
Center for Zoo and Wild Animal Health, Copenhagen Zoo, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
Front Vet Sci. 2019 Aug 28;6:285. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00285. eCollection 2019.
Lead (Pb) exposure is associated with adverse health effects in both humans and wildlife. Blood lead levels (BLL) of sentinel wildlife species can be used to monitor environmental lead exposure and ecosystem health. BLL analyzers, such as the LeadCare®, are validated for use in humans, assessed for use in some avian species and cattle, and are increasingly being used on wildlife to monitor lead exposure. The LeadCare® analyzers use a technique called anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Species-specific conversion equations have been proposed to approximate the levels found with gold standard measuring methods such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) because the ASV method has been shown to underestimate BLL in some species. In this study we assessed the LeadCare® Plus (LCP) for use on Scandinavian brown bears (). LCP measurements were correlated with ICP-MS with a Bland-Altman analyzed bias of 16.3-22.5%, showing a consistent overestimation of BLL analyzed with LCP. Based on this analysis we provide conversion equations for calculating ICP-MS BLL based on the LCP results in Scandinavian brown bears. Our study shows that the LeadCare® Plus can be used for monitoring of lead exposure by approximating gold standard levels using conversion equations. This enables comparison with other gold standard measured BLL within the observed range of this study (38.20-174.00 μg/L). Our study also found that Scandinavian brown bears are highly exposed to environmental lead.
铅（Pb）暴露会对人类和野生动物的健康产生不良影响。哨兵野生动物物种的血铅水平（BLL）可用于监测环境铅暴露和生态系统健康状况。诸如LeadCare®之类的BLL分析仪已被验证可用于人类，也经过评估可用于某些鸟类和牛类，并且越来越多地用于野生动物以监测铅暴露情况。LeadCare®分析仪采用一种称为阳极溶出伏安法（ASV）的技术。由于已证明ASV方法在某些物种中会低估BLL，因此已提出了物种特异性的转换方程，以近似通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）等金标准测量方法所测得的水平。在本研究中，我们评估了用于斯堪的纳维亚棕熊的LeadCare® Plus（LCP）。LCP测量值与ICP-MS相关，通过Bland-Altman分析得出的偏差为16.3 - 22.5%，表明用LCP分析的BLL始终被高估。基于此分析，我们提供了根据斯堪的纳维亚棕熊的LCP结果计算ICP-MS BLL的转换方程。我们的研究表明，LeadCare® Plus可通过使用转换方程近似金标准水平来用于监测铅暴露情况。这使得在本研究观察到的范围内（38.20 - 174.00 μg/L）能够与其他金标准测量的BLL进行比较。我们的研究还发现，斯堪的纳维亚棕熊高度暴露于环境铅中。
