Osteoarthritis (OA), is the most common type of arthritis that causes damage to the articular cartilage and underlying bone. It affects 9.6% of men and 18.0% of women over 60 years of age worldwide. About five million Canadians living with OA (one in six), the number is expected to rise to 10 million (one in four) by 2035. The joints that are affected by OA include knees, hips, hands, shoulder and temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Common joint symptoms include pain, stiffness and swelling resulting in loss of function and disability. As there is no cure for OA, treatments aimed at reducing pain and improving functional outcomes. Common nonoperative management of OA include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and intra-articular injection of corticosteroids (IA-CS). Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid (IA-HA) has become accepted as an alternative treatment for the management of OA. Although IA-CS and IA-HA can provide clinically important improvement in pain and physical function, recent evidence suggests that the apparent clinical effectiveness of these treatments may be attributable by other factors including the placebo effect. IA saline injection, often used in as placebo treatment in clinical trials, has been found to provide substantial pain relief in OA. In fact, for knee OA, the effect size of the IA injection of saline was found to be statistically significant greater than no treatment on both short (≤ 3 months) and long-term (6 to 12 months) pain relief. In the process of updating the clinical effectiveness of IA-HA for treatment of OA of different joints, CADTH has undertaken to produce three consecutive reports covering the knee, hip and ankle, and hand, shoulder and TMJ. In the first recently published CADTH report, entitled “Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid for Viscosupplementation in Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness and Safety”, evidence suggests that there may be differences in the efficacy of IA-HA for treatment of knee osteoarthritis with respect to hyaluronic acid products, injection regimens, and OA disease severity. In the second companion report, entitled “Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid for Viscosupplementation in Osteoarthritis of the Hip or Ankle: A Review of Clinical Effectiveness”, evidence suggests a lack of effect of IA-HA for treatment of hip OA, and a potential benefit of IA-HA for treatment of ankle OA. The aim of this report is to review the clinical effectiveness of IA-HA for patients with OA of the hand, shoulder and TMJ compared with placebo and IA-CS.