Study on how oil type and weathering of crude oils affect interaction with sea ice and polyethylene skimmer material.

Understanding the fate of spilled oil in cold environments is essential for oil spill response in Arctic areas. The potential for oils to adhere to sea ice and mechanical skimmers can significantly impact the success of oil spill response and influence the fate of oil in the marine environment. Therefore, the affinity of oil to sea ice and skimmer material was quantified experimentally for three different types of oils at various degrees of weathering. Contact angle measurements of crude oil droplets were performed on the top of and under sea ice and polyethylene-based skimmer material, being submerged in seawater (-2 °C). In addition, "dip- and refloat" tests were performed to quantify the adhesion and study the re-floating process of oil from sea ice at -2 °C (moist ice) and -20 °C (cold dry ice), and from a skimmer material prior to and subsequently to its submersion in seawater (-2 °C). The results indicated limited interaction of oils with sea ice submerged in seawater, but a strong affinity of oils towards polyethylene-based skimmer material.