Broad Spectrum Tunable Photoluminescent Material Based on Cascade Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer between Three Fluorophores Encapsulated within the Self-Assembled Surfactant Systems.

A broad spectrum tunable photoluminescent material with dual encryption based on a two-step fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between pyrene (), coumarin 480 (), and rhodamine 6G () in micelles of SDS and bmimDS is presented. The phenomenon is achievable due to the encapsulation of the fluorophores within these micelles. The transfer of energy as FRET between the pair and showed ON at 336 nm and OFF at 402 nm in contrast to the FRET observed between the pair and that showed ON at 402 nm and OFF at 336 nm. However, the transfer of energy as FRET occurs from to in the presence of when excited at 336 nm, thereby making it a chain of three fluorophores with acting as a relay fluorophore receiving energy from and transferring it to . The different FRET scenarios between the three fluorophores in micelles provide a window for the generation of a matrix of colors, which occupies a significant 2D area in the chromaticity diagram, having potential applications in security printing. The different fluorophoric ratios generate different colors based on their individual photonic emissions and the FRET processes taking place between them. Writing tests were carried out using varied ratios of the fluorophores in the micellar systems producing different colored outputs under the UV light with insignificant visibility under the white light. We envision that this as-discovered three fluorophoric FRET system could form the basis for the future development of multi-FRET light-harvesting devices and anti-counterfeiting security inks based on much simpler non-covalent interaction aided encapsulation of the fluorophores within the self-assembled soft systems.