系统糖生物学和个性化糖药物学的兴起:为何以及如何将糖组学与多组学科学相结合?
Rise of Systems Glycobiology and Personalized Glycomedicine: Why and How to Integrate Glycomics with Multiomics Science?
机构信息
University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, Domzale, Slovenia.
出版信息
OMICS. 2019 Dec;23(12):615-622. doi: 10.1089/omi.2019.0149. Epub 2019 Oct 25.
Glycomics is a rapidly emerging subspecialty of system sciences that evaluates the structures and functions of glycans in biological systems. Moreover, glycomics informs allied scholarships such as systems glycobiology and personalized glycomedicine that collectively aim to explain the role of glycans in person-to-person and between-population variations in disease susceptibility and response to health interventions such as drugs, nutrition, and vaccines. For glycomics to make greater, systems-scale, contributions to biology and medical research, it is facing a new developmental challenge: transition from single omics to multiomics integrative technology platforms. A comprehensive map of all possible connections between glycomics and other omics types has not yet been developed. Glycomics aims to discover a complex interplay of molecular interactions; however, little is known about the regulatory networks controlling these complex processes. In addition, the glycomics knowledgebase is presently scattered across various publications and databases, and therefore does not enable a holistic or systems view of this study field. Therefore, researchers are not always aware, for example, that a given analyzed genetic locus is linked with glycans, and that there are also glycomics determinants of complex phenotypes in health and biology. This review presents several published examples of glycomics science in association with other omics levels, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, ncRNomics, lipidomics, and interactomics. I also highlight the salient knowledge gaps and suggest future research directions. Understanding the interconnections of glycomics with other omics technologies will facilitate multiomics science and knowledge integration, enhance development of systems glycobiology and personalized glycomedicine.
糖组学是系统科学中一个迅速兴起的分支学科,它评估生物系统中聚糖的结构和功能。此外,糖组学还为系统糖生物学和个性化糖医学等相关学科提供信息,这些学科的共同目标是解释聚糖在个体间和人群间疾病易感性和对药物、营养和疫苗等健康干预措施反应差异中的作用。为了使糖组学在生物学和医学研究中做出更大的系统规模的贡献,它面临着一个新的发展挑战:从单一组学向多组学整合技术平台的转变。目前还没有开发出糖组学与其他组学类型之间所有可能联系的综合图谱。糖组学旨在发现分子相互作用的复杂相互作用;然而,对于控制这些复杂过程的调控网络知之甚少。此外,糖组学知识库目前分散在各种出版物和数据库中,因此无法对该研究领域进行整体或系统的观察。因此,研究人员并不总是知道,例如,给定的分析遗传基因座与聚糖有关,并且在健康和生物学中也存在复杂表型的糖组学决定因素。本文综述了一些已发表的糖组学与其他组学水平(如基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、表观基因组学、ncRNomics、脂质组学和相互作用组学)相关的科学实例。我还强调了明显的知识空白,并提出了未来的研究方向。了解糖组学与其他组学技术的相互联系将促进多组学科学和知识的整合,增强系统糖生物学和个性化糖医学的发展。