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痕量水基暴露于阿扎环素后,通过同时抑制 II 型甲状腺素脱碘酶和激活甲状腺受体介导的信号转导,对斑马鱼(Danio rario)幼虫产生甲状腺内分泌干扰综合效应。

Integrated thyroid endocrine disrupting effect on zebrafish (Danio rario) larvae via simultaneously repressing type II iodothyronine deiodinase and activating thyroid receptor-mediated signaling following waterborne exposure to trace azocyclotin.

机构信息

Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.

Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, PR China.

出版信息

Environ Pollut. 2019 Dec;255(Pt 2):113328. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113328. Epub 2019 Sep 30.

Abstract

As a widely used organotin acaricide nowadays, azocyclotin (ACT) could induce thyroidal endocrine disruption in fishes and amphibians, but its dominant disrupting mode remains unknown. In this study, zebrafish were firstly exposed to ACT (0.18-0.36 ng/mL) from 2 hpf (hours post fertilization) to 30 dpf (days post fertilization), and a series of developmental toxicological endpoints and thyroid hormones were measured. Result showed that no developmental toxicity to zebrafish was found in 0.18 and 0.24 ng/mL groups except decreased body weight (30 dpf, 0.24 ng/mL). However, exposed to 0.36 ng/mL ACT led to reductions in heartbeat (48 hpf), hatching rate (72 hpf) and bodyweight (30 dpf). General tendencies of decreases in free T3 but increases in free T4 and reductions in ratio of free T3/T4 were also found, inferring that type II deiodinase (Dio2) was repressed. This inference was confirmed by Western analysis that Dio2 expression reduced by 42.7% after 0.36 ng/mL ACT treatment. Moreover, RNA-Seq analysis implied that exposed to 0.36 ng/mL ACT altered the genome-wide gene expression profiles of zebrafish. Totally 5660 genes (involving 3154 down-regulated and 2596 up-regulated genes) were differentially expressed, and 13 deferentially expressed genes including down-regulated dio2 were significantly enriched in thyroid hormone signaling pathway. Subsequently, an in vitro thyroid receptor-reporter gene assay using GH3 cells was performed to further explore the potential disrupting mechanism. Result showed that luciferase activity slightly increased after exposure to ACT alone or ACT combined with low level T3, but was suppressed when combined with high level T3. It indicted there probably existed a competitive relationship in some extent between ACT and T3 in vivo. Overall, the present study provided preliminary evidences that long-term exposure to trace ACT repressed Dio2 expression, declined T3 and then activated thyroid receptor-mediated signaling, thereby leading to integrated thyroid endocrine disruption in zebrafish larvae.

摘要

作为目前广泛使用的有机锡杀螨剂,唑虫酰胺(ACT)可诱导鱼类和两栖类动物甲状腺内分泌紊乱,但它的主要干扰模式仍不清楚。本研究首次采用斑马鱼从受精后 2 小时(hpf)到 30 天(dpf)暴露于 ACT(0.18-0.36ng/mL),并测量了一系列发育毒性终点和甲状腺激素。结果表明,在 0.18 和 0.24ng/mL 组中,斑马鱼没有发育毒性,除了体重下降(30dpf,0.24ng/mL)。然而,暴露于 0.36ng/mL ACT 导致心跳(48 hpf)、孵化率(72 hpf)和体重(30 dpf)降低。还发现游离 T3 普遍下降,游离 T4 增加,游离 T3/T4 比值降低,提示 II 型脱碘酶(Dio2)受到抑制。Western blot 分析证实,暴露于 0.36ng/mL ACT 后,Dio2 表达降低了 42.7%。此外,RNA-Seq 分析表明,暴露于 0.36ng/mL ACT 改变了斑马鱼的全基因组基因表达谱。共有 5660 个基因(涉及 3154 个下调和 2596 个上调基因)差异表达,其中 13 个差异表达基因包括下调的 dio2,在甲状腺激素信号通路中显著富集。随后,采用 GH3 细胞进行体外甲状腺受体报告基因检测,进一步探讨潜在的干扰机制。结果表明,单独暴露于 ACT 或 ACT 与低水平 T3 联合时,荧光素酶活性略有增加,但与高水平 T3 联合时被抑制。这表明 ACT 和 T3 之间可能存在一定程度的竞争关系。总之,本研究初步证实,长期暴露于痕量 ACT 会抑制 Dio2 的表达,降低 T3,然后激活甲状腺受体介导的信号转导,从而导致斑马鱼幼体甲状腺内分泌的综合紊乱。

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