Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica e Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Behav Brain Res. 2020 Feb 3;379:112399. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112399. Epub 2019 Nov 29.
Early life experiences have strong influences on brain programming and can affect eating behavior control and body weight later in life. However, there is no consensus about the relationship between neonatal stress and feeding behavior. We evaluated whether maternal deprivation (MD) and maternal separation (MS) alter body weight and appetite using standard rat chow consumption and palatable food. Also, we evaluated anxiety and the expression of the leptin receptor, neuropeptides POMC, CART, NPY in the hypothalamus, as well as the serotoninergic system in the amygdala and hypothalamus as possible modulators of these behaviors. We found a decrease in standard rat chow consumption in MD. However, both neonatal stress protocols increased the consumption of palatable food and led to anxiogenic behavior in male animals. MD led to decreased hypothalamic POMC levels in adult males. Serotonin in the hypothalamus was decreased by both stress models in males and females. In the amygdala, MS decreased serotonin levels while MD increased its metabolite levels. We observed that males are more vulnerable and females are more resilient to the effects of neonatal stress on anxiety-like behavior, as well as on food consumption and on the central changes observed. These data together add support to the concept that the early environment contributes to the development of eating disorders later in life.
早期生活经历对大脑发育有很强的影响，并可能影响以后的饮食行为控制和体重。然而，关于新生期应激与喂养行为之间的关系尚未达成共识。我们评估了母体剥夺（MD）和母体分离（MS）是否会改变标准鼠饲料的消耗和美味食物的食欲。此外，我们还评估了焦虑以及下丘脑中瘦素受体、POMC、CART、NPY 神经肽和杏仁核和下丘脑的 5-羟色胺能系统作为这些行为的可能调节剂的表达。我们发现 MD 导致标准鼠饲料的消耗减少。然而，两种新生期应激方案都增加了美味食物的消耗，并导致雄性动物出现焦虑行为。MD 导致成年雄性动物下丘脑 POMC 水平降低。两种应激模型均导致雄性和雌性下丘脑 5-羟色胺降低。在杏仁核中，MS 降低了 5-羟色胺水平，而 MD 增加了其代谢物水平。我们观察到雄性对新生期应激对焦虑样行为以及对中枢变化的影响更为脆弱，而雌性则更具弹性。这些数据共同支持这样的概念，即早期环境有助于以后发生饮食失调。
