Deciphering programs for optimal self-management of persistent musculoskeletal-related pain and disability - Clinical implications for PTs.

The prolonged disability associated with musculoskeletal (MSK) pain represents an enormous health burden, for individuals as well as society. Promoting pain and disability management for patients with persistent MSK-related conditions can be very challenging for rehabilitation professionals. These often-complex conditions require the adoption of a biopsychosocial perspective in order to assess and address a vast array of potential factors affecting the patient. Fortunately, a self-management (SM) approach has been deemed effective in enhancing patients' control over their symptoms and disabilities. However, given the many different existing SM approaches, rehabilitation professionals would benefit from a clearer definition of SM and a better understanding of the basics of a SM program in order to facilitate their patients' development of SM skills, as this can lead to better outcomes. This narrative review explores the various components of an intervention program intended to facilitate patients' SM of their symptoms and disabilities resulting from a persistent MSK condition. It does so by drawing on a body of published work on pain and disability management, conceptual frameworks underlying SM programs, essential skills associated with optimal SM, and examples from the persistent low back pain (LBP) literature.