Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
Sci Signal. 2019 Dec 3;12(610):eaax2057. doi: 10.1126/scisignal.aax2057.
Highly selective, positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the M subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor have emerged as an exciting new approach to potentially improve cognitive function in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Discovery programs have produced a structurally diverse range of M receptor PAMs with distinct pharmacological properties, including different extents of agonist activity and differences in signal bias. This includes biased M receptor PAMs that can potentiate coupling of the receptor to activation of phospholipase C (PLC) but not phospholipase D (PLD). However, little is known about the role of PLD in M receptor signaling in native systems, and it is not clear whether biased M PAMs display differences in modulating M-mediated responses in native tissue. Using PLD inhibitors and PLD knockout mice, we showed that PLD was necessary for the induction of M-dependent long-term depression (LTD) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Furthermore, biased M PAMs that did not couple to PLD not only failed to potentiate orthosteric agonist-induced LTD but also blocked M-dependent LTD in the PFC. In contrast, biased and nonbiased M PAMs acted similarly in potentiating M-dependent electrophysiological responses that were PLD independent. These findings demonstrate that PLD plays a critical role in the ability of M PAMs to modulate certain central nervous system (CNS) functions and that biased M PAMs function differently in brain regions implicated in cognition.
高度选择性的、毒蕈碱乙酰胆碱受体 M 亚型的正变构调节剂(PAMs)作为一种有前途的新方法出现,可能改善阿尔茨海默病和精神分裂症患者的认知功能。发现计划产生了具有不同药理特性的结构多样的 M 受体 PAMs,包括不同程度的激动剂活性和信号偏向的差异。这包括偏向 M 受体 PAMs,其可以增强受体与磷脂酶 C(PLC)的激活偶联,但不与磷脂酶 D(PLD)偶联。然而,对于 PLC 在天然系统中的 M 受体信号转导中的作用知之甚少,也不清楚偏向 M PAMs 是否在调节天然组织中 M 介导的反应方面存在差异。使用 PLD 抑制剂和 PLD 敲除小鼠,我们表明 PLD 对于前额叶皮层(PFC)中 M 依赖性长时程抑制( LTD )的诱导是必需的。此外,不与 PLD 偶联的偏向 M PAMs 不仅不能增强对 M 型激动剂诱导的 LTD,而且还阻断了 PFC 中的 M 依赖性 LTD。相比之下,偏向 M PAMs 和非偏向 M PAMs 在增强与 PLC 无关的 M 依赖性电生理反应方面表现相似。这些发现表明,PLD 在 M PAMs 调节某些中枢神经系统(CNS)功能的能力中起着关键作用,并且偏向 M PAMs 在与认知相关的脑区中的作用不同。