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评估采用不同非酿酒酵母进行纯发酵和混合发酵酿造的苹果酒的化学成分和感官特性。

Assessment of chemical composition and sensorial properties of ciders fermented with different non-Saccharomyces yeasts in pure and mixed fermentations.

机构信息

College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China; Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products (Yangling), Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100, China; National Engineering Research Center of Agriculture Integration Test (Yangling), Yangling 712100, China.

College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.

出版信息

Int J Food Microbiol. 2020 Apr 2;318:108471. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108471. Epub 2019 Dec 10.

Abstract

This work presents the attempt to enhance the flavor complexity of cider fermented by different non-Saccharomyces species. Pichia kluyveri and Hanseniaspora vineae pure cultures were used as reference ciders. Mixed cultures between all 4 species gave 5 fermentations, where Hanseniaspora uvarum or Torulaspora quercuum were included for apple juice fermentation. Chemical composition and sensorial properties of all ciders were studied. The results indicated that the growth of P. kluyveri and H. vineae were interreacted and also affected by H. uvarum and T. quercuum. H. vineae was more capable of consuming sugar than P. kluyveri. Ciders from the single culture fermentation with P. kluyveri (Pk), as well as from mixed fermentation with P. kluyveri and H. uvarum (Pk-Hu), had high residual sugar, sugar/acid ratio, and glucose-fructose consumption ratio. Large shifts in the consumption and production of organic acids and polyphenols among all ciders were observed. The calculation of the relative odor activity value (rOAV) showed that 17 volatile compounds had an rOAV >1 in at least one sample, and acetate esters and ethyl esters were the groups with the highest number of volatile compounds of importance to the cider aroma. Among these 17 compounds, 3-methylbutyl acetate, 2-methylbutyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, and β-damascenone exhibited high rOAVs in some ciders and might contribute fruity, floral, and sweet features to the cider aroma. Besides, the tropical fruity aroma from 3-methylbutyl acetate was only perceived in Pk and Pk-Hu. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis revealed that acetate esters contributed positively to the roasted and cooked odor of all ciders. This is the first study evaluating simultaneous fermentation of two non-Saccharomyces yeasts to produce cider, which provides new insights into cider production.

摘要

本研究旨在提高由不同非酿酒酵母发酵的苹果酒的风味复杂性。以毕赤酵母(Pichia kluyveri)和汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora vineae)纯培养物作为参考苹果酒。将这 4 种酵母混合发酵,其中包括葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora uvarum)或皱褶假丝酵母(Torulaspora quercuum),用于发酵苹果汁。研究了所有苹果酒的化学成分和感官特性。结果表明,毕赤酵母(Pichia kluyveri)和汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora vineae)的生长相互作用,并受到葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora uvarum)和皱褶假丝酵母(Torulaspora quercuum)的影响。汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora vineae)比毕赤酵母(Pichia kluyveri)更能消耗糖。毕赤酵母(Pichia kluyveri)单一发酵(Pk)和毕赤酵母(Pichia kluyveri)与葡萄汁有孢汉逊酵母(Hanseniaspora uvarum)混合发酵(Pk-Hu)的苹果酒,残糖、糖/酸比和葡萄糖/果糖消耗比均较高。所有苹果酒的有机酸和多酚的消耗和产生均发生了较大变化。相对气味活度值(rOAV)的计算表明,至少有 17 种挥发性化合物在至少一种样品中的 rOAV 值>1,乙酸酯和乙酯是对苹果酒香气最重要的挥发性化合物数量最多的两类。在这 17 种化合物中,3-甲基丁基乙酸酯、2-甲基丁基乙酸酯、己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯和β-大马酮在某些苹果酒中具有较高的 rOAV 值,可能对苹果酒的香气赋予果香、花香和甜味特征。此外,3-甲基丁基乙酸酯的热带水果香气仅在 Pk 和 Pk-Hu 中被感知。偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)分析表明,乙酸酯对所有苹果酒的烤焦和煮熟气味有积极贡献。这是首次评估两种非酿酒酵母同时发酵生产苹果酒的研究,为苹果酒生产提供了新的见解。

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