Guo Jun-Li, Liu Yi, Wei Wen-Xue, Ge Ti-da, Wang Guang-Jun
College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2019 Nov 8;40(11):5142-5150. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.201902031.
Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) showed significant effects in the inhibition of nitrification and the improvement of the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural soils. However, the effects of different NIs on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) is still unclear. To verify the inhibitory effect of DCD and DMPP on AOB and AOA, a pot experiment was performed, including Urea, Urea+DCD, and Urea+DMPP treatments. The dynamics of NH-N and NO-N and nitrification potential among different treatments were measured. In addition, real-time PCR and high-throughput sequencing approaches were applied to investigate the changes in the AOB and AOA population abundance and composition. The results revealed that the concentrations of NH-N in Urea+DCD and Urea+DMPP treatments were 213% and 675% higher than that in the CK treatment, respectively. However, the concentrations of NO-N and the nitrification potentials were 13.3% and 37.2%, and 20.4% and 82.4% lower than that in CK treatment, respectively; Furthermore, the copy numbers of the bacterial and archaeal gene were 51.2% and 56.5%, and 6.0% and 27.0% lower than that in the CK treatment, respectively. However, the diversity indexes of AOB and AOA communities, including evenness and richness, exhibited no significant differences after addition of DCD and DMPP. The nork-environmental-samples, unclassified-Nitrosomonadaceae, unclassified-Bacteria, and , were the predominant genera of the AOB community. The no rank-Crenarchaeota, no rank-environmental-samples and were the predominant groups in the AOA community. Summarily, application of DCD and DMPP significantly delayed the transformation of NH-N, decreased the formation of NO-N, inhibited the abundance and changed the composition of AOB and AOA communities. DMPP had a stronger inhibitory effect on nitrification, and on AOB and AOA than DCD. Therefore, compared with DCD, DMPP had a better application prospect regarding the improvement of the nitrogen utilization efficiency in vegetable soil.
硝化抑制剂双氰胺（DCD）和3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐（DMPP）在抑制农业土壤硝化作用及提高氮肥利用效率方面表现出显著效果。然而，不同硝化抑制剂对氨氧化细菌（AOB）和氨氧化古菌（AOA）的影响仍不明确。为验证DCD和DMPP对AOB和AOA的抑制作用，进行了盆栽试验，包括尿素、尿素+DCD和尿素+DMPP处理。测定了不同处理间铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）和硝态氮（NO₃⁻-N）的动态变化及硝化潜力。此外，采用实时荧光定量PCR和高通量测序方法研究AOB和AOA种群丰度及组成的变化。结果表明，尿素+DCD和尿素+DMPP处理中NH₄⁺-N浓度分别比对照处理高213%和675%。然而，NO₃⁻-N浓度和硝化潜力分别比对照处理低13.3%和37.2%，以及20.4%和82.4%；此外，细菌和古菌基因的拷贝数分别比对照处理低51.2%和56.5%，以及6.0%和27.0%。然而，添加DCD和DMPP后，AOB和AOA群落的多样性指数，包括均匀度和丰富度，未表现出显著差异。未分类的亚硝化单胞菌科、未分类细菌等是AOB群落的优势属。未分类的奇古菌门、未分类环境样本等是AOA群落的优势类群。总之，施用DCD和DMPP显著延缓了NH₄⁺-N的转化，减少了NO₃⁻-N的形成，抑制了AOB和AOA群落的丰度并改变了其组成。DMPP对硝化作用以及AOB和AOA的抑制作用比DCD更强。因此，与DCD相比，DMPP在提高蔬菜土壤氮素利用效率方面具有更好的应用前景。
