Eur J Endocrinol. 2020 Apr;182(4):R59-R66. doi: 10.1530/EJE-19-1051.
Hypopituitarism is caused by various insults to the pituitary, such as hypothalamic and pituitary tumors, inflammation, autoimmunity, vascular injury, genetic abnormalities, irradiation, and trauma. Recently, it has been found that autoimmunity to the pituitary involves many pathological conditions associated with specific or non-specific hormone deficiencies in the gland. This review discusses the recent findings on the underlying mechanism of autoimmune hypopituitarism particularly of lymphocytic hypophysitis, IgG4-related hypophysitis, immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced hypophysitis, anti-PIT-1 hypophysitis, and isolated ACTH deficiency.
垂体功能减退症是由各种原因导致的垂体损伤引起的,如下丘脑和垂体肿瘤、炎症、自身免疫、血管损伤、遗传异常、放射治疗和创伤等。最近发现,垂体自身免疫涉及许多与腺体特定或非特异性激素缺乏相关的病理情况。本文综述了自身免疫性垂体功能减退症(特别是淋巴细胞性垂体炎、IgG4 相关垂体炎、免疫检查点抑制剂诱导的垂体炎、抗 PIT-1 垂体炎和孤立性 ACTH 缺乏症)的潜在发病机制的最新研究进展。