1259 University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
3644 Grinnell College, IA, USA.
Hum Factors. 2020 May;62(3):424-440. doi: 10.1177/0018720819896898. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
To define static, dynamic, and cognitive fit and their interactions as they pertain to exosystems and to document open research needs in using these fit characteristics to inform exosystem design.
Initial exosystem sizing and fit evaluations are currently based on scalar anthropometric dimensions and subjective assessments. As fit depends on ongoing interactions related to task setting and user, attempts to tailor equipment have limitations when optimizing for this limited fit definition.
A targeted literature review was conducted to inform a conceptual framework defining three characteristics of exosystem fit: static, dynamic, and cognitive. Details are provided on the importance of differentiating fit characteristics for developing exosystems.
Static fit considers alignment between human and equipment and requires understanding anthropometric characteristics of target users and geometric equipment features. Dynamic fit assesses how the human and equipment move and interact with each other, with a focus on the relative alignment between the two systems. Cognitive fit considers the stages of human-information processing, including somatosensation, executive function, and motor selection. Human cognitive capabilities should remain available to process task- and stimulus-related information in the presence of an exosystem. Dynamic and cognitive fit are operationalized in a task-specific manner, while static fit can be considered for predefined postures.
A deeper understanding of how an exosystem fits an individual is needed to ensure good human-system performance. Development of methods for evaluating different fit characteristics is necessary.
Methods are presented to inform exosystem evaluation across physical and cognitive characteristics.
定义静态、动态和认知适配及其相互作用，以适用于外系统，并记录使用这些适配特征来为外系统设计提供信息的开放研究需求。
目前，外系统的初始尺寸和适配评估基于标量人体测量尺寸和主观评估。由于适配取决于与任务设置和用户相关的持续交互，因此在针对这种有限的适配定义进行优化时，尝试调整设备的适配具有局限性。
进行了有针对性的文献综述，以提供一个概念框架，定义外系统适配的三个特征：静态、动态和认知。详细说明了区分适配特征对于开发外系统的重要性。
静态适配考虑了人与设备之间的对齐，需要了解目标用户的人体测量特征和设备的几何特征。动态适配评估了人与设备之间的移动和相互作用方式，重点关注两个系统之间的相对对齐。认知适配考虑了人类信息处理的阶段，包括体感、执行功能和运动选择。在存在外系统的情况下，人类的认知能力应该仍然能够处理与任务和刺激相关的信息。动态适配和认知适配以特定任务的方式实现，而静态适配可以考虑预定义的姿势。
为了确保良好的人机性能，需要更深入地了解外系统如何适应个体。有必要开发评估不同适配特征的方法。
介绍了用于评估物理和认知特征的外系统评估方法。
