Tomiyama Ken-Ichi, Funada Masahiko
Section of Addictive Drug Research, Department of Drug Dependence Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry.
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2020;140(2):179-192. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.19-00195-2.
In most countries marijuana is regulated by the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. In Japan marijuana use is illegal under the Marijuana Control Law. In USA, marijuana is also classified as a schedule I drug, which is the most stringent regulation category under federal law. On the other hand, California became the first state to legalize marijuana for medical uses in 1996. Since then, several other US states have approved marijuana for medical or recreational use. However, marijuana remains completely illegal in most states, while some allow only cannabidiol (CBD) extracted from marijuana for medical use. In June 2018, the US Food and Drug Administration approved Epidiolex, the first marijuana-derived drug, containing purified CBD, to treat certain rare childhood seizure syndromes. Therefore the situation surrounding control of marijuana in USA is complex. Recently, a definite trend toward reconsidering marijuana regulation has been seen around the world, which could have a major impact on marijuana policy in Japan. In this review, we investigated existing medical and recreational marijuana laws in various US states, with a focus on California, which approved recreational use in 2018. Here, we describe the current state of marijuana regulation in terms of both medical and recreational use. In addition, we discuss public safety issues associated with marijuana, including crime, traffic accidents, and emergency department visits from possible marijuana exposure, as well as generated tax revenues, from official marijuana-related reports in Colorado, which legalized marijuana use in 2012.
在大多数国家，大麻受《麻醉品单一公约》管制。在日本，根据《大麻管制法》，使用大麻是非法的。在美国，大麻也被列为附表一药物，这是联邦法律规定的最严格管制类别。另一方面，加利福尼亚州在1996年成为第一个将医用大麻合法化的州。从那时起，美国其他几个州也批准了大麻用于医疗或娱乐用途。然而，在大多数州，大麻仍然完全非法，而一些州只允许使用从大麻中提取的大麻二酚（CBD）用于医疗用途。2018年6月，美国食品药品监督管理局批准了第一种源自大麻的药物Epidiolex，其含有纯化的CBD，用于治疗某些罕见的儿童癫痫综合征。因此，美国围绕大麻管制的情况很复杂。最近，全球出现了重新考虑大麻管制的明确趋势，这可能会对日本的大麻政策产生重大影响。在本综述中，我们调查了美国各州现有的医用和娱乐用大麻法律，重点关注2018年批准娱乐用大麻的加利福尼亚州。在此，我们从医用和娱乐用两个方面描述了大麻管制的现状。此外，我们还讨论了与大麻相关的公共安全问题，包括犯罪、交通事故以及因可能接触大麻而前往急诊科就诊的情况，以及从科罗拉多州官方大麻相关报告中得出的税收收入，该州于2012年将大麻使用合法化。
