Zhang Jia-Han, Li Yong, Hao Xihong
Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Ferroelectric-Related New Energy Materials and Devices, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, People's Republic of China. Key Laboratory of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi-Metal Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, People's Republic of China.
Nanotechnology. 2020 May 22;31(21):215401. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab72bd. Epub 2020 Feb 4.
The utilization of nanoporous materials is an extremely effective approach to enhance the electrical performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). However, existing methods for preparing nanoporous tribo-materials are not only complicated, costly and time-consuming, but also waste a lot of material. Meanwhile, fabricated nanoporous tribo-materials that have low roughness by nature possess poor surface hydrophobicity, causing low output stability in humid environments. Here, a bio-inspired petiole-like micron fiber-based tribo-material with inner nanopores, rough surface nanostructures and superhydrophobicity is first designed that uses an extraordinarily simple, ultralow-waste and efficient single-component electrospinning process. The petiole-like structures and superhydrophobicity endow the assembled triboelectric nanogenerator (PMF-TENG) with outstanding electrical performance and superior output stability under humid conditions. With a giant power density of 56.9 W m and a high peak-to-peak output voltage of 2209 V, the optimized PMF-TENG can not only be used as a biomechanical energy harvester to directly drive 833 light-emitting-diodes and small electronics, but also serve as a self-powered sensor to detect body motions. Moreover, under a high relative humidity of 80%, the output retention rate of the optimized PMF-TENG is 1.7 and 2.2 times higher than the TENG assembled with the traditional smoother solid nanofiber-based tribo-material and the monolithic nanoporous tribo-material-based TENG, respectively. This work provides an easy-to-fabricate high-performance nanoporous material-based TENG with ultralow material waste and extends its potential for application in humid conditions.
利用纳米多孔材料是提高摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）电学性能的一种极其有效的方法。然而，现有的制备纳米多孔摩擦材料的方法不仅复杂、成本高且耗时，还会浪费大量材料。同时，天然粗糙度低的人造纳米多孔摩擦材料表面疏水性差，在潮湿环境中输出稳定性低。在此，首次设计了一种具有内部纳米孔、粗糙表面纳米结构和超疏水性的仿生叶柄状微米纤维基摩擦材料，该材料采用了极其简单、超低浪费且高效的单组分静电纺丝工艺。叶柄状结构和超疏水性赋予组装后的摩擦纳米发电机（PMF-TENG）出色的电学性能以及在潮湿条件下卓越的输出稳定性。优化后的PMF-TENG具有56.9 W/m的巨大功率密度和2209 V的高峰峰值输出电压，不仅可以用作生物机械能收集器直接驱动833个发光二极管和小型电子设备，还可以作为自供电传感器来检测人体运动。此外，在80%的高相对湿度下，优化后的PMF-TENG的输出保留率分别比用传统的更光滑的固体纳米纤维基摩擦材料组装的TENG和基于整体纳米多孔摩擦材料的TENG高1.7倍和2.2倍。这项工作提供了一种易于制造的、基于高性能纳米多孔材料且材料浪费超低的TENG，并拓展了其在潮湿条件下的应用潜力。
