Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.
J Genet Psychol. 2020 Mar-Apr;181(2-3):78-94. doi: 10.1080/00221325.2020.1719024. Epub 2020 Feb 10.
The present study examined links between best friendship quality, social problem solving in response to a transgression and conscious control of behavior (i.e., executive function or EF). Eighty-one 7- to 10-year-olds answered questions about their best friendship quality and responses to friendship transgressions (i.e., interpretations, goals, and strategies they would endorse). They also completed a battery of EF tasks measuring working memory, inhibition, and shifting. Results revealed few relations between social problem solving and best friendship quality. Social problem solving related to EF abilities, with inhibition relating to fewer revenge goals and cognitive flexibility relating to more neutral interpretations. Better working memory related to worse best friendship quality. Finally, verbal IQ was a strong predictor of several positive social problem-solving interpretations, goals, and strategies. Results suggest cognitive abilities in EF and language may be important to consider during middle childhood in this period of advancing social problem solving and friendships.
本研究考察了最佳友谊质量、对侵犯行为的社会问题解决能力以及行为的有意识控制（即执行功能或 EF）之间的联系。81 名 7 至 10 岁的儿童回答了有关他们最佳友谊质量和对友谊侵犯（即他们会支持的解释、目标和策略）的问题。他们还完成了一系列 EF 任务，测量工作记忆、抑制和转换。结果表明，社会问题解决与最佳友谊质量之间几乎没有关系。社会问题解决与 EF 能力有关，抑制与较少的报复目标有关，认知灵活性与更中性的解释有关。更好的工作记忆与更差的最佳友谊质量有关。最后，语言智商是几个积极的社会问题解决解释、目标和策略的强有力预测因素。研究结果表明，在这个社会问题解决和友谊不断发展的时期，EF 和语言等认知能力在儿童中期可能是需要考虑的重要因素。
