Genetics and Experimental Bioinformatics, Institute of Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany.
FEMS Microbiol Rev. 2020 Mar 1;44(2):232-252. doi: 10.1093/femsre/fuaa005.
Marine cyanobacteria of the genus Prochlorococcus thrive in high cell numbers throughout the euphotic zones of the world's subtropical and tropical oligotrophic oceans, making them some of the most ecologically relevant photosynthetic microorganisms on Earth. The ecological success of these free-living phototrophs suggests that they are equipped with a regulatory system competent to address many different stress situations. However, Prochlorococcus genomes are compact and streamlined, with the majority encoding only five different sigma factors, five to six two-component systems and eight types of other transcriptional regulators. Here, we summarize the existing information about the functions of these protein regulators, about transcriptomic responses to defined stress conditions, and discuss the current knowledge about riboswitches, RNA-based regulation and the roles of certain metabolites as co-regulators. We focus on the best-studied isolate, Prochlorococcus MED4, but extend to other strains and ecotypes when appropriate, and we include some information gained from metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses.
海洋蓝细菌属聚球藻属在世界亚热带和热带贫营养海域的透光带中以高细胞数量大量繁殖，使它们成为地球上最具生态相关性的光合微生物之一。这些自由生活的光养生物的生态成功表明，它们具有一套能够应对许多不同胁迫情况的调节系统。然而，聚球藻属的基因组是紧凑和精简的，大多数只编码五个不同的 sigma 因子、五到六个双组分系统和八种其他转录调节因子。在这里，我们总结了这些蛋白调节剂的功能、对特定胁迫条件的转录组响应的现有信息，并讨论了关于核糖开关、基于 RNA 的调控以及某些代谢物作为共调节剂的作用的最新知识。我们重点介绍了研究最充分的分离株，即海洋聚球藻 MED4，但在适当的情况下也扩展到其他菌株和生态型，并包括了一些从宏基因组和宏转录组分析中获得的信息。
