Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
Gene&GreenTK, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
Sci Rep. 2020 Mar 2;10(1):3843. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-60846-1.
Organophosphorus compounds (OP) are highly toxic molecules used as insecticides that inhibit cholinesterase enzymes involved in neuronal transmission. The intensive use of OP for vector control and agriculture has led to environmental pollutions responsible for severe intoxications and putative long-term effects on humans and wild animals. Many in vivo models were studied over the years to assess OP acute toxicity, but the long-term effects are poorly documented. Planarian, a freshwater flatworm having a cholinergic system, has emerged as a new original model for addressing both toxicity and developmental perturbations. We used Schmidtea mediterranea planarians to evaluate long-term effects of paraoxon-ethyl at two sublethal concentrations over three generations. Toxicity, developmental perturbations and disruption of behavior were rapidly observed and higher sensitivity to paraoxon-ethyl of next generations was noticed suggesting that low insecticide doses can induce transgenerational effects. With the view of limiting OP poisoning, SsoPox, an hyperthermostable enzyme issued from the archaea Saccharolobus solfataricus, was used to degrade paraoxon-ethyl prior to planarian exposure. The degradation products, although not lethal to the worms, were found to decrease cholinesterase activities for the last generation of planarians and to induce abnormalities albeit in lower proportion than insecticides.
有机磷化合物（OP）是一种剧毒分子，用作杀虫剂，抑制神经元传递中涉及的胆碱酯酶。由于 OP 被大量用于病媒控制和农业，导致环境污染，对人类和野生动物造成严重中毒和潜在的长期影响。多年来，人们研究了许多体内模型来评估 OP 的急性毒性，但长期影响的记录很少。扁形动物，一种具有胆碱能系统的淡水扁虫，已经成为研究毒性和发育干扰的新的原始模型。我们使用地中海扁形虫来评估在三代中两个亚致死浓度下对乙基对氧磷的长期影响。毒性、发育干扰和行为中断很快被观察到，并且发现下一代对乙基对氧磷的敏感性更高，这表明低剂量的杀虫剂可以诱导跨代效应。为了限制 OP 中毒，我们使用了来自古细菌嗜热硫球菌的超耐热酶 SsoPox，在扁形动物暴露之前降解乙基对氧磷。降解产物虽然对蠕虫没有致死性，但发现它们会降低最后一代扁形动物的胆碱酯酶活性，并诱导异常，尽管比例低于杀虫剂。
