University of California San Diego Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9500 E Gilman Drive MC #0657, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States.
Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2020 Feb;12(2):119-126. doi: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.11.004. Epub 2019 Nov 21.
Sleep deprivation is associated with poor academic performance, although the impact on pharmacy students has been minimally reported. This study examined sleep quality in pharmacy students in the first (P1), second (P2), and third (P3) professional years during perceived low and high stress periods in a course. Individual sleep and environmental factors were also explored.
This prospective cohort study used an 18-item survey adapted from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) that included demographics, individual sleep components, and factors affecting sleep. Surveys were administered at the beginning of the quarter (low stress) and the week before final exams (high stress). Chi-square tests compared categorical variables; ANOVA/ANCOVA tests compared continuous variables.
During high stress, PSQI scores worsened among all classes and was significant for the P3s. Average sleep duration was 6.64 (SD 1.18) and 6.8 (SD 1.18) hours per night for P1s and P3s, respectively, at the beginning of the quarter; both groups had significant reduction in sleep duration at the end of the quarter. There were no significant correlations between PSQI and exam scores. Factors impacting sleep such as exercise, use of technology at bedtime, and work hours outside of school decreased during high times of stress, for P1s, P2s, and P3, respectively.
Students demonstrated worsening sleep quality during high stress periods and less sleep than recommended. Academic performance was not adversely affected. Future research should use sleep logs and other performance measures to determine the impact of sleep quality on academic success and wellbeing.
睡眠不足与学业成绩不佳有关，尽管对药学专业学生的影响鲜有报道。本研究在一门课程的低压力和高压力时期，检查了药学专业一年级（P1）、二年级（P2）和三年级（P3）学生的睡眠质量。还探讨了个体睡眠和环境因素。
这项前瞻性队列研究使用了一项由匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）改编的 18 项调查，其中包括人口统计学、个体睡眠成分以及影响睡眠的因素。在季度初（低压力）和期末考试前一周（高压力）进行调查。卡方检验比较分类变量；方差分析/协方差分析比较连续变量。
在高压力时期，所有年级的 PSQI 评分都恶化，P3 年级的评分差异显著。P1 和 P3 年级在季度初的平均睡眠时间分别为 6.64（SD 1.18）和 6.8（SD 1.18）小时；两个年级在季度末的睡眠时间都显著减少。PSQI 与考试成绩之间没有显著相关性。影响睡眠的因素，如运动、睡前使用技术和校外工作时间，在 P1、P2 和 P3 年级的高压力时期分别减少。
学生在高压力时期睡眠质量恶化，睡眠时间少于推荐的时间。学业成绩没有受到不利影响。未来的研究应该使用睡眠日志和其他绩效衡量标准，以确定睡眠质量对学业成功和幸福感的影响。
