Ahmed Syed Imran, Hasan S M Tafsir, Khan Md Alfazal, Ahmed Tahmeed
Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Curr Dev Nutr. 2020 Feb 4;4(3):nzaa016. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa016. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Pregnant women belonging to agricultural communities of low- and middle-income countries often face seasonal food insecurity and energy stress.
We aimed to investigate the effect of maternal exposure to different seasons during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy on infant birth weight in rural Bangladesh.
Information on 3831 singleton live births was obtained from the electronic databases of Matlab Health and Demographic Surveillance System and Matlab hospital of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. We collected information on all term births from July 2011 to June 2015 and excluded congenital anomalies and observations with missing data. Each year was divided into 3 distinct seasons: the post-aman harvest period (January-April), the height of the monsoon (May-August), and the post-aus harvest period (September-December). Seasonal exposure was measured in weeks, and multivariable linear regression models were fitted to determine the independent effect of each week of exposure of different seasons during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy on birth weight.
We observed peak birth weight in the post-aman harvest season, especially among infants born in March (mean ± SD: 2930.5 ± 462.1 g), and the lowest birth weight in the month of July (2830.6 ± 385.4 g) during the monsoon season. Regression analysis showed that exposure to the post-aman harvest season during the third trimester, and the post-aus harvest period during the second trimester of pregnancy had significant positive effects on birth weight. In the final adjusted model, each week of exposure to the post-aman harvest season during the third trimester was associated with a 6.3-g (95% CI: 1.6, 10.9 g; = 0.008) increase in birth weight.
Infants born to women who were exposed to the post-aman harvest season for the entire third trimester (14 wk) were associated with 88.2-g higher weight at birth. Further investigations into the complex interplay between seasonal energy stress, maternal, and fetal nutrition and measures to alleviate it are warranted.
低收入和中等收入国家农业社区的孕妇经常面临季节性粮食不安全和能量压力。
我们旨在调查孟加拉国农村地区孕妇在妊娠中期和晚期暴露于不同季节对婴儿出生体重的影响。
从Matlab卫生和人口监测系统以及孟加拉国腹泻疾病研究国际中心的Matlab医院的电子数据库中获取了3831例单胎活产的信息。我们收集了2011年7月至2015年6月期间所有足月分娩的信息，并排除了先天性异常和有缺失数据的观察结果。每年分为3个不同的季节：晚稻收获后期（1月至4月）、季风高峰期（5月至8月）和早稻收获后期（9月至12月）。季节性暴露以周为单位进行测量，并拟合多变量线性回归模型，以确定妊娠中期和晚期不同季节每周暴露对出生体重的独立影响。
我们观察到晚稻收获季节出生体重最高，尤其是3月出生的婴儿（均值±标准差：2930.5±462.1g），而季风季节7月出生体重最低（2830.6±385.4g）。回归分析表明，妊娠晚期暴露于晚稻收获季节以及妊娠中期暴露于早稻收获后期对出生体重有显著的积极影响。在最终调整模型中，妊娠晚期每周暴露于晚稻收获季节与出生体重增加6.3g（95%CI：1.6，10.9g；P=0.008）相关。
在妊娠晚期整个14周都暴露于晚稻收获季节的妇女所生婴儿出生时体重高88.2g。有必要进一步研究季节性能量压力、母体和胎儿营养之间的复杂相互作用以及缓解措施。
