埃塞俄比亚育龄期妇女超重/肥胖的决定因素：埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查的多水平分析。
Determinants of overweight/obesity among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey.
机构信息
Medical Physiology, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia
Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Gondar, Ethiopia.
出版信息
BMJ Open. 2020 Mar 9;10(3):e034963. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034963.
OBJECTIVE
Overweight/obesity among women is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage, low birth weight, congenital malformation and neonatal deaths. Although the magnitude of overweight and obesity among the reproductive age group women is a common problem in Ethiopia, there are limited studies that determine the associated factors of overweight and obesity at the national level. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinant factors of overweight/obesity among reproductive age group women in Ethiopia.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional study design.
SETTING
Ethiopia.
PARTICIPANTS
Non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years.
PRIMARY OUTCOME
Overweight/obesity.
METHODS
The present study used the Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey (EDHS) data for 2016. A total of 10 938 nonpregnant reproductive age group women were included in the analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable multilevel logistic regression were performed to determine the determinants of overweight and obesity among women in Ethiopia. The OR with a 95% CI was estimated for potential determinants included in the final model.
RESULTS
Those women with secondary education (adjusted OR (AOR)=1.48, 1.01, 2.18), higher education (AOR=1.78, 1.13, 2.81), richer (AOR=1.85, 1.15, 2.98) and richest wealth index (AOR=3.23, 1.98, 5.29), urban residence (AOR=4.46, 2.89, 6.87), married (AOR=1.79, 1.21, 2.64), widowed (AOR=2.42, 1.41, 4.15), divorced (AOR=1.84, 1.13, 3.00), aged 25-34 years (AOR=2.04, 1.43, 2.89), 35-44 years (AOR=2.79, 1.99, 3.93) and 45-49 years (AOR=2.62, 1.54, 4.45) had higher odds of developing overweight and obesity.
CONCLUSION
Women with higher education level, high wealth status, older age, formerly married and those urban dwellers had higher odds of overweight and obesity. Therefore, regular physical activity, reducing consumption of fat/energy-dense food as well as modifying the mode of transportation is recommended.
目的
女性超重/肥胖与妊娠糖尿病、子痫前期、产后出血、低出生体重、先天畸形和新生儿死亡风险增加有关。尽管埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女超重和肥胖的程度是一个常见问题，但在国家层面上确定超重和肥胖相关因素的研究有限。因此，本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女超重/肥胖的决定因素。
设计
横断面研究设计。
地点
埃塞俄比亚。
参与者
年龄在 15-49 岁的非孕妇。
主要结局
超重/肥胖。
方法
本研究使用了 2016 年埃塞俄比亚人口与健康调查（EDHS）的数据。共纳入 10938 名非妊娠育龄妇女进行分析。采用双变量和多变量多层逻辑回归分析确定埃塞俄比亚妇女超重和肥胖的决定因素。对最终模型中包含的潜在决定因素进行了估计。
结果
具有中学教育（调整后的比值比（AOR）=1.48，1.01，2.18）、高等教育（AOR=1.78，1.13，2.81）、较富裕（AOR=1.85，1.15，2.98）和最富裕财富指数（AOR=3.23，1.98，5.29）、城市居住（AOR=4.46，2.89，6.87）、已婚（AOR=1.79，1.21，2.64）、丧偶（AOR=2.42，1.41，4.15）、离婚（AOR=1.84，1.13，3.00）、年龄 25-34 岁（AOR=2.04，1.43，2.89）、35-44 岁（AOR=2.79，1.99，3.93）和 45-49 岁（AOR=2.62，1.54，4.45）的妇女发生超重和肥胖的几率更高。
结论
具有较高教育水平、较高财富状况、年龄较大、以前结婚和城市居民的妇女发生超重和肥胖的几率更高。因此，建议定期进行体育锻炼，减少脂肪/能量密集型食物的摄入，并改变交通方式。
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