Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, School of Nursing, Midwifery & Social Work, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Can J Neurol Sci. 2020 Jul;47(4):494-503. doi: 10.1017/cjn.2020.53. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Female stroke patients may experience poorer functional outcomes than males following inpatient rehabilitation.
Data from Alberta inpatient stroke rehabilitation units were examined to determine: (1) the impact of sex on time to inpatient rehabilitation, functional gains (using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM)), length of stay (LOS), and discharge destination; (2) if sex was related to age at the time of stroke, stroke severity, and living arrangement at discharge from rehabilitation; and (3) whether patients' age and preadmission living arrangement had an influence on LOS in rehabilitation or discharge destination.
Two thousand two hundred sixty-six adult stroke patients (1283 males and 983 females) were subcategorized as mild (FIM >80; n = 1155), moderate (FIM 40-80; n = 994), or severe (FIM <40; n = 117). Fifty-five percent of males (45.7% females) had mild stroke; 39.5% of males (49.5% females) had moderate stroke; and 5.5% of males (4.8% females) had severe stroke. Females were significantly older than males (p = 2.4 × 10-4). No sex difference existed in time from acute care to rehabilitation admission (p = 0.73) or in mean FIM change (p = 0.294). Mean LOS was longer for females than males (p=0.018). Males were more likely than females to be discharged home (p = 1.8 × 10-13). Further, male patients (p = 6.4 × 10-7) and those < 65 years (p = 1.4 × 10-23) were more likely to be discharged home without homecare.
There are significant sex and age differences in LOS in rehabilitation and discharge destination of stroke patients. These differences may suggest that sex and age of the patient need to be considered in care planning.
女性中风患者在住院康复后可能比男性患者的功能恢复效果差。
对艾伯塔省住院中风康复病房的数据进行了检查，以确定：（1）性别对住院康复时间、功能增益（使用功能独立性测量（FIM））、住院时间（LOS）和出院去向的影响；（2）性别是否与中风时的年龄、中风严重程度和康复出院后的居住安排有关；以及（3）患者的年龄和入院前的居住安排是否对康复或出院去向的 LOS 有影响。
2266 名成年中风患者（男性 1283 名，女性 983 名）分为轻度（FIM>80；n=1155）、中度（FIM 40-80；n=994）或重度（FIM<40；n=117）。55%的男性（45.7%的女性）患有轻度中风；39.5%的男性（49.5%的女性）患有中度中风；5.5%的男性（4.8%的女性）患有重度中风。女性的年龄明显大于男性（p=2.4×10-4）。从急性护理到康复入院的时间（p=0.73）或平均 FIM 变化（p=0.294）没有性别差异。女性的平均 LOS 长于男性（p=0.018）。男性比女性更有可能出院回家（p=1.8×10-13）。此外，男性患者（p=6.4×10-7）和年龄<65 岁的患者（p=1.4×10-23）更有可能在没有家庭护理的情况下出院回家。
中风患者的 LOS 和出院去向存在显著的性别和年龄差异。这些差异可能表明，在制定护理计划时需要考虑患者的性别和年龄。
