Laboratório de Pesquisa em Leishmaniose, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro-RJ 21040-360, Brazil.
Cells. 2020 Mar 16;9(3):725. doi: 10.3390/cells9030725.
The conduit system was described in lymphoid organs as a tubular and reticular set of structures compounded by collagen, laminin, perlecan, and heparin sulfate proteoglycan wrapped by reticular fibroblasts. This tubular system is capable of rapidly transport small molecules such as viruses, antigens, chemokines, cytokines, and immunoglobulins through lymphoid organs. This structure plays an important role in guiding the cells to their particular niches, therefore participating in cell cooperation, antigen presentation, and cellular activation. The remodeling of conduits has been described in chronic inflammation and infectious diseases to improve the transport of antigens to specific T and B cells in lymphoid tissue. However, malnutrition and infectious agents may induce extracellular matrix remodeling directly or indirectly, leading to the microarchitecture disorganization of secondary lymphoid organs and their conduit system. In this process, the fibers and cells that compound the conduit system may also be altered, which affects the development of a specific immune response. This review aims to discuss the extracellular matrix remodeling during infectious diseases with an emphasis on the alterations of molecules from the conduit system, which damages the cellular and molecular transit in secondary lymphoid organs compromising the immune response.
在淋巴器官中，导管系统被描述为一种由胶原蛋白、层粘连蛋白、硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖和网状纤维细胞包裹的胶原、层粘连蛋白、硫酸乙酰肝素蛋白聚糖组成的管状和网状结构。这个管状系统能够快速地将小分子（如病毒、抗原、趋化因子、细胞因子和免疫球蛋白）运输穿过淋巴器官。这个结构在引导细胞到特定的龛位方面起着重要的作用，因此参与细胞合作、抗原呈递和细胞激活。在慢性炎症和传染病中，已经描述了导管的重塑，以改善抗原向淋巴组织中特定 T 和 B 细胞的运输。然而，营养不良和感染因子可能直接或间接地诱导细胞外基质重塑，导致次级淋巴器官及其导管系统的微结构紊乱。在这个过程中，构成导管系统的纤维和细胞也可能发生改变，这会影响特定免疫反应的发展。本综述旨在讨论传染病期间细胞外基质的重塑，重点讨论导管系统分子的改变，这些改变会损害次级淋巴器官中的细胞和分子转运，从而影响免疫反应。
