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男性暴露于雌激素后出现的垂体增生、激素变化和催乳素瘤发展——来自转化研究的新见解。

Pituitary Hyperplasia, Hormonal Changes and Prolactinoma Development in Males Exposed to Estrogens-An Insight From Translational Studies.

机构信息

Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia.

Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Diseases of Metabolism, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 16;21(6):2024. doi: 10.3390/ijms21062024.

DOI:10.3390/ijms21062024
PMID:32188093
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7139613/
Abstract

Estrogen signaling plays an important role in pituitary development and function. In sensitive rat or mice strains of both sexes, estrogen treatments promote lactotropic cell proliferation and induce the formation of pituitary adenomas (dominantly prolactin or growth-hormone-secreting ones). In male patients receiving estrogen, treatment does not necessarily result in pituitary hyperplasia, hyperprolactinemia or adenoma development. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the mechanisms of estrogen action upon their application in male animal models comparing it with available data in human subjects. Sex-specific molecular targets of estrogen action in lactotropic (PRL) cells are highlighted in the context of their proliferative and secretory activity. In addition, putative effects of estradiol on the cellular/tumor microenvironment and the contribution of postnatal pituitary progenitor/stem cells and transdifferentiation processes to prolactinoma development have been analyzed. Finally, estrogen-induced morphological and hormone-secreting changes in pituitary thyrotropic (TSH) and adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) cells are discussed, as well as the putative role of the thyroid and/or glucocorticoid hormones in prolactinoma development, based on the current scarce literature.

摘要

雌激素信号在垂体发育和功能中起着重要作用。在敏感的雄性和雌性大鼠或小鼠品系中，雌激素处理可促进催乳细胞增殖，并诱导垂体腺瘤（主要是催乳素或生长激素分泌型腺瘤）的形成。在接受雌激素治疗的男性患者中，治疗不一定会导致垂体增生、高催乳素血症或腺瘤发展。在这篇综述中，我们全面分析了雌激素作用的机制，并将其应用于雄性动物模型与现有的人类数据进行比较。在催乳素（PRL）细胞增殖和分泌活性的背景下，强调了雌激素作用的性别特异性分子靶点。此外，还分析了雌二醇对细胞/肿瘤微环境的潜在影响，以及产后垂体祖细胞/干细胞的贡献和转分化过程对催乳素瘤发展的作用。最后，根据目前有限的文献，讨论了雌激素诱导的垂体促甲状腺素（TSH）和促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）细胞的形态和激素分泌变化，以及甲状腺和/或糖皮质激素在催乳素瘤发展中的潜在作用。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1d0d/7139613/555bc241358f/ijms-21-02024-g006.jpg
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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1d0d/7139613/125dd93f2746/ijms-21-02024-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1d0d/7139613/a66cdb000c90/ijms-21-02024-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/1d0d/7139613/870e60c53346/ijms-21-02024-g003.jpg
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