Ramboll Management Consulting, Stakeholder Intelligence, Olof Palmes Allé 22, 8200, Aarhus, Denmark.
Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, University Research Clinic, Regional Hospital West Jutland, Gl. Landevej 61, 7400, Herning, Denmark.
BMC Public Health. 2020 Mar 24;20(1):386. doi: 10.1186/s12889-020-08531-w.
Young adults at the age of 25-29 in Denmark have the highest unemployment rate and are at higher risk of labour market marginalization. Exclusion from the labour market may have negative individual consequences on mental and physical health and can lead to increasing societal expenditures due to social benefits. It is important to understand what factors determine or protect against early labour market marginalization. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between psychological resources in adolescence and labour market participation in early adulthood, and whether the associations differed by gender.
This prospective cohort study used questionnaire data collected through the West Jutland Cohort study in 2004 and 2007. The study population (N = 2982) consisted of people born in 1989 and living in the county of Ringkjoebing at baseline in 2004. Outcome was dichotomized as +/- 12 months of passive labour market participation during the age of 25-29. Psychological resources were measured as self-esteem, sense of coherence and mastery. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the associations between psychological resources and labour market participation.
Results indicated associations between high levels of mastery or sense of coherence in adolescence and high labour market participation in early adulthood. The strongest associations were observed for females with a medium (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.8) or high level (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0-2.4) of mastery or a high level of sense of coherence (OR: 1.6 95% CI: 1.0-2.4) at age 15 and for males with a medium (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5-3.8) or high (OR: 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.5) level of mastery or a high level of sense of coherence (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 0.9-3.1) at age 18.
The results of the present study indicate associations between a high level of sense of coherence or mastery in adolescence and high labour market participation in early adulthood in a Danish context. Psychological resources seemed to play a bigger role for females in early adolescence compared to males, for whom a larger impact was seen in late adolescence.
丹麦 25-29 岁的年轻人失业率最高，面临更高的劳动力市场边缘化风险。被劳动力市场排斥可能会对个人的身心健康产生负面影响，并导致社会福利支出增加。了解哪些因素决定或防止早期劳动力市场边缘化是很重要的。本研究的目的是调查青少年时期的心理资源与成年早期劳动力市场参与之间的关系，并探讨这些关联是否因性别而异。
这是一项前瞻性队列研究，使用 2004 年和 2007 年通过西部日德兰队列研究收集的问卷调查数据。研究人群（N=2982）由 1989 年出生并在 2004 年基线时居住在林克比县的人群组成。结果是 25-29 岁时被动劳动力市场参与的 +/-12 个月的二分法。心理资源的测量指标为自尊、心理一致感和掌控感。使用逻辑回归分析来调查心理资源与劳动力市场参与之间的关联。
研究结果表明，青少年时期高水平的掌控感或心理一致感与成年早期的高劳动力市场参与之间存在关联。在女性中观察到最强的关联，其中中等（OR：1.9，95%CI：1.3-2.8）或高水平（OR：1.6，95%CI：1.0-2.4）的掌控感或高水平的心理一致感（OR：1.6，95%CI：1.0-2.4）在 15 岁时，以及男性中中等（OR：2.7，95%CI：1.5-3.8）或高水平（OR：1.9，95%CI：1.1-3.5）的掌控感或高水平的心理一致感（OR：1.7，95%CI：0.9-3.1）在 18 岁时，与高劳动力市场参与相关。
本研究结果表明，在丹麦背景下，青少年时期高水平的心理一致感或掌控感与成年早期的高劳动力市场参与之间存在关联。与男性相比，心理资源在青少年早期对女性的作用更大，而在青少年晚期对男性的作用更大。
