分娩箱和分娩栏中晚代乳后母猪行为和仔猪增重。
Sow behaviour and piglet weight gain after late cross-fostering in farrowing crates and pens.
机构信息
School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Agriculture Building, King's Road, Newcastle upon TyneNE1 7RU, UK.
Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Peter Wilson Building, Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, EdinburghEH9 3JG, UK.
出版信息
Animal. 2020 Sep;14(9):1923-1933. doi: 10.1017/S1751731120000580. Epub 2020 Apr 3.
Determining best practices for managing free farrowing systems is crucial for uptake. Cross-fostering, the exchange of piglets between litters, is routinely performed amongst crate-housed sows. However, cross-fostering can increase fighting amongst the litter and may be more challenging within free farrowing systems as sows have more freedom to respond to cross-fostered piglets. This study compared the effect of either cross-fostering (FOS), or a control of sham-fostering (CON), of four focal piglets per litter on Day 6 postpartum in crates (CRATE) and free farrowing pens (PEN). The post-treatment behavioural responses of sows were recorded (Day 6 = 60 min; Day 7 = 300 min; n = 48), as were the average daily gain (ADG; g/day), total weight gain (TWG; kg) and body lesion scores of focal piglets and their littermates throughout lactation (Day 6, Day 8, Day 11 and Day 26; n = 539) and the post-weaning period (Day 29, Day 32 and Day 60; n = 108). On Day 6, though post-reunion latency to nursing did not differ, latency to successful nursing was longer amongst FOS than CON litters (P < 0.001), more so amongst CRATE FOS than PEN FOS (P < 0.01). On Day 7, PEN FOS sows had fewer successful nursing bouts (P < 0.05) and exhibited decreased lateral (P < 0.01) and increased ventral lying frequencies (P < 0.01) compared to all other housing and treatment combinations. Focal piglet ADG was lower for FOS than CON in the CRATE during Day 6 to Day 8 (P < 0.01) and lower in the PEN during Day 6 to Day 8 (P < 0.001), Day 8 to Day 11 (P < 0.01) and Day 11 to Day 26 (P < 0.05). The TWG of pre-weaned focal piglets (Day 6 to Day 26) was higher amongst CON than FOS litters (P = 0.01). Post-weaning, piglet ADG was higher for PEN than CRATE during Day 26 to Day 29 (P < 0.01) and higher for FOS than CON during Day 26 to Day 29 (P < 0.05), Day 29 to Day 32 (P < 0.001) and Day 32 to Day 60 (P < 0.01); thus, TWG was higher for FOS than CON during the weaner (P = 0.001) and the combined lactation and weaner periods (P = 0.09). In conclusion, sow behaviour was disrupted by cross-fostering in the crates and pens and continued to be disturbed on the following day amongst penned sows. FOS piglets exhibited reduced ADG after cross-fostering, which extended throughout lactation in the pens. However, the increased post-weaning weight gain of FOS piglets meant that their TWG was higher than CON piglets, irrespective of the farrowing system used.
确定管理自由分娩系统的最佳实践对于推广至关重要。在有围栏的母猪中，通常会进行仔猪交叉寄养，即将仔猪从一个窝中转移到另一个窝中。然而，交叉寄养会增加仔猪之间的争斗，并且在自由分娩系统中可能更具挑战性，因为母猪有更多的自由来应对寄养的仔猪。本研究比较了在产仔箱（CRATE）和自由分娩围栏（PEN）中，每窝寄养 4 头仔猪（FOS）或假寄养（CON）对产后第 6 天仔猪的影响。记录了母猪产后处理的行为反应（第 6 天=60 分钟；第 7 天=300 分钟；n=48），以及寄养仔猪及其同窝仔猪在哺乳期（第 6 天、第 8 天、第 11 天和第 26 天；n=539）和断奶后（第 29 天、第 32 天和第 60 天；n=108）的平均日增重（ADG；g/天）、总增重（TWG；kg）和身体损伤评分。第 6 天，尽管重新团聚后的哺乳潜伏期没有差异，但寄养仔猪的成功哺乳潜伏期比 CON 窝更长（P<0.001），在产仔箱中的寄养仔猪比在围栏中的寄养仔猪更长（P<0.01）。第 7 天，PEN FOS 母猪的成功哺乳次数较少（P<0.05），并且与其他所有的饲养和处理组合相比，其横向（P<0.01）和腹部（P<0.01）的卧姿频率降低。与 CON 窝相比，CRATE 中 FOS 窝的仔猪在第 6 天至第 8 天的 ADG 较低（P<0.01），在第 6 天至第 8 天的 ADG 较低（P<0.001），第 8 天至第 11 天的 ADG 较低（P<0.01）和第 11 天至第 26 天的 ADG 较低（P<0.05）。未断奶仔猪（第 6 天至第 26 天）的 TWG 在 CON 窝中比 FOS 窝更高（P=0.01）。断奶后，PEN 中仔猪的 ADG 在第 26 天至第 29 天期间比 CRATE 中更高（P<0.01），在第 26 天至第 29 天期间比 CON 中更高（P<0.05），在第 29 天至第 32 天期间比 CON 中更高（P<0.001）和第 32 天至第 60 天期间比 CON 中更高（P<0.01）；因此，FOS 窝的 TWG 在断奶期和哺乳期（P=0.09）期间均高于 CON 窝。总之，在产仔箱和围栏中，母猪的行为因交叉寄养而受到干扰，并且在围栏中饲养的母猪在第二天继续受到干扰。寄养仔猪在交叉寄养后表现出 ADG 降低，这种情况在围栏中持续到哺乳期。然而，FOS 窝仔猪的断奶后体重增加增加，意味着它们的 TWG 高于 CON 窝仔猪，无论使用哪种产仔系统。
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