Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA; Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Dev Biol. 2020 Jun 15;462(2):129-140. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.017. Epub 2020 Apr 1.
Vertebrate segmentation is regulated by the segmentation clock, a biological oscillator that controls periodic formation of somites, or embryonic segments, which give rise to many mesodermal tissue types. This molecular oscillator generates cyclic gene expression with the same periodicity as somite formation in the presomitic mesoderm (PSM), an area of mesenchymal cells that give rise to mature somites. Molecular components of the clock include the Hes/her family of genes that encode transcriptional repressors, but additional genes cycle. Cyclic gene transcripts are cleared rapidly, and clearance depends upon the pnrc2 (proline-rich nuclear receptor co-activator 2) gene that encodes an mRNA decay adaptor. Previously, we showed that the her1 3'UTR confers instability to otherwise stable transcripts in a Pnrc2-dependent manner, however, the molecular mechanism(s) by which cyclic gene transcripts are cleared remained largely unknown. To identify features of the her1 3'UTR that are critical for Pnrc2-mediated decay, we developed an array of transgenic inducible reporter lines carrying different regions of the 3'UTR. We find that the terminal 179 nucleotides (nts) of the her1 3'UTR are necessary and sufficient to confer rapid instability. Additionally, we show that the 3'UTR of another cyclic gene, deltaC (dlc), also confers Pnrc2-dependent instability. Motif analysis reveals that both her1 and dlc 3'UTRs contain terminally-located Pumilio response elements (PREs) and AU-rich elements (AREs), and we show that the PRE and ARE in the last 179 nts of the her1 3'UTR drive rapid turnover of reporter mRNA. Finally, we show that mutation of Pnrc2 residues and domains that are known to facilitate interaction of human PNRC2 with decay factors DCP1A and UPF1 reduce the ability of Pnrc2 to restore normal cyclic gene expression in pnrc2 mutant embryos. Our findings suggest that Pnrc2 interacts with decay machinery components and cooperates with Pumilio (Pum) proteins and ARE-binding proteins to promote rapid turnover of cyclic gene transcripts during somitogenesis.
脊椎动物的体节形成受体节时钟调控,这是一种生物振荡器,控制着体节(胚胎段)的周期性形成,体节产生许多中胚层组织类型。这个分子振荡器在体节形成之前的中胚层(PSM)中产生具有相同周期性的周期性基因表达,PSM 是产生成熟体节的间充质细胞区域。时钟的分子成分包括编码转录抑制剂的 Hes/her 家族基因,但其他基因也会循环。循环基因转录本被迅速清除,清除依赖于 pnrc2(富含脯氨酸的核受体共激活因子 2)基因,该基因编码 mRNA 衰变衔接子。以前,我们发现 her1 3'UTR 以 Pnrc2 依赖的方式赋予否则稳定的转录本不稳定性,但循环基因转录本被清除的分子机制在很大程度上仍然未知。为了确定 her1 3'UTR 对 Pnrc2 介导的降解至关重要的特征,我们开发了一系列携带 3'UTR 不同区域的转基因诱导报告基因系。我们发现 her1 3'UTR 的末端 179 个核苷酸(nts)是快速不稳定性所必需且足够的。此外,我们还发现另一个循环基因 deltaC (dlc) 的 3'UTR 也赋予 Pnrc2 依赖性不稳定性。基序分析表明,her1 和 dlc 的 3'UTRs 都包含末端 Pumilio 反应元件(PREs)和 AU 丰富元件(AREs),我们表明 her1 3'UTR 最后 179 nts 中的 PRE 和 ARE 驱动报告基因 mRNA 的快速周转。最后,我们表明,突变 Pnrc2 残基和已知促进人 PNRC2 与衰变因子 DCP1A 和 UPF1 相互作用的结构域,降低了 Pnrc2 在 pnrc2 突变胚胎中恢复正常循环基因表达的能力。我们的研究结果表明,Pnrc2 与衰变机制成分相互作用,并与 Pumilio (Pum) 蛋白和 ARE 结合蛋白合作,在体节发生过程中促进循环基因转录本的快速周转。