Parois Severine P, Duttlinger Alan W, Richert Brian T, Lindemann Stephen R, Johnson Jay S, Marchant-Forde Jeremy N
PEGASE, Agrocampus Ouest, INRA, Saint-Gilles, France.
USDA-ARS, Livestock Behavior Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2020 Mar 17;7:140. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00140. eCollection 2020.
Alternative feed supplements have shown promising effects in terms of performance, but their effects on welfare have had little evaluation. In the present study, we aimed at evaluating the effect of diet supplementation on welfare indicators. A total of 246 piglets were weaned and transported for 12 h. After transport, they were assigned to one of 3 diets for a 14-day period: A-an antibiotic diet including chlortetracycline and tiamulin, NA-a control diet without any antibiotic or feed supplement, GLN-a diet including 0.20% L-glutamine. After the 14-day period, all piglets were fed the same diet. Tear staining was measured 11 times post-weaning (from d0 to 147). Skin lesions were counted before and after weaning (d-2, 2, and 36). Novel object tests (NOT) were done in groups 4 times post-weaning (d17, 47, 85, 111). Samples for 16S rRNA gene composition were collected prior to transport (d0), following the 14-day period (d14) and at the conclusion of the nursery phase (d34). The NA pigs appeared less interested in novel objects. On d17, they avoided the object less than A pigs ( < 0.05). They spent less time exploring the object on d85 and took longer to interact with the object on d111 than A and GLN pigs ( < 0.05). NA pigs also appeared more sensitive to environment and management. They had larger tear stains than GLN pigs on d84 and 110 ( < 0.05). On d2, NA pigs had more lesions than A and GLN ( < 0.01). In terms of microbiota composition, GLN had higher α-diversity than A and NA ( < 0.001). Differences between dietary treatments were absent at d0, were demonstrated at d14 and disappeared at d34. Pearson correlations between aggression, stress and anxiety indicators and bacterial populations were medium to high from 0.31 to 0.69. The results demonstrate that short-term feeding strategy can have both short- and long-term effects on behavior and welfare, that may partly be explained by changes in gut microbiota composition. Supplementation with GLN appears to confer similar benefits to dietary antibiotics and thus could be a viable alternative.
替代饲料添加剂在生产性能方面已显示出良好效果，但其对福利的影响却鲜有评估。在本研究中，我们旨在评估日粮添加物对福利指标的影响。总共246头仔猪断奶后运输12小时。运输后，它们被分配到三种日粮之一，为期14天：A组为含金霉素和泰妙菌素的抗生素日粮，NA组为不含任何抗生素或饲料添加剂的对照日粮，GLN组为含0.20% L-谷氨酰胺的日粮。14天之后，所有仔猪都饲喂相同的日粮。断奶后（从第0天到147天）测量了11次泪斑情况。在断奶前后（第-2天、第2天和第36天）对皮肤损伤进行计数。断奶后对分组仔猪进行了4次新物体试验（NOT）（第17天、第47天、第85天、第111天）。在运输前（第0天）、14天之后（第14天）和保育期结束时（第34天）采集16S rRNA基因组成的样本。NA组仔猪对新物体的兴趣似乎较低。在第17天，它们避开物体的程度低于A组仔猪（P<0.05）。在第85天，它们探索物体的时间比A组和GLN组仔猪少，在第111天与物体互动的时间比A组和GLN组仔猪长（P<0.05）。NA组仔猪似乎对环境和管理也更敏感。在第84天和第110天，它们的泪斑比GLN组仔猪大（P<0.05）。在第2天，NA组仔猪的损伤比A组和GLN组多（P<0.01）。在微生物群组成方面，GLN组的α多样性高于A组和NA组（P<0.001）。日粮处理之间的差异在第0天不存在，在第14天表现出来，在第34天消失。攻击、应激和焦虑指标与细菌种群之间的皮尔逊相关性中等至高，范围从0.31到0.69。结果表明，短期饲喂策略可对行为和福利产生短期和长期影响，这可能部分由肠道微生物群组成的变化来解释。添加谷氨酰胺似乎能带来与日粮抗生素类似的益处，因此可能是一种可行的替代方案。
