What's new in IUGR from the endocrinological point of view?

Genetic causes of IUGR: The IGF 2 gene encoding IGF2 synthesis contributes to growth of the foetus. The maternal genes PHLDA2, GRB10, and placental ALS also play a role in the regulation of foetal growth. CDKN1C mutation can lead to IUGR. In SRS syndrome, apart from epimutation 11p15 and disomy 7, the cause may be a mutation of HMAGA2-PLAG1-IGF2 genes. Growth deficiency: in 10% of children with IUGR with growth deficiency, ACAN gene mutation (aggrecan gene) was described. Children with IUGR and with dynamic evolution of puberty can achieve better final growth through combined therapy with GH and GnRH analogues. Insulin resistance: In light of new reports, oxidative stress during pregnancy, epigenetic regulation in the foetal period in children with IUGR, and insulin resistance both peripheral and central during catch up growth" are observed.