Stroke rehabilitation outcome studies: comparison of a Japanese facility with 17 U.S. facilities.

A Japanese university hospital collaborated with a mixed group of 17 American hospitals in using common measures of functional status and outcomes for patients undergoing rehabilitation after stroke. Management protocols were similar for all facilities. Philosophies and operational factors concerning length of stay and discharge destinations varied among facilities. In Japan there was little pressure for discharge of rehabilitation patients. Japanese patients were kept in the hospital as long as they improved in their functional scores. The Japanese sample had fewer patients with bilateral involvement, patients were younger, were admitted after a longer period of time following the onset of the stroke, had less severe disability on admission, and had longer lengths of stay, and this may have accounted for higher Barthel score gains for the Japanese sample. These factors may have worked together with the family support system in Japan to account for higher discharge rate to the community for the Japanese sample.