Albini Monica, Ridolfi Stefano, Giuliani Chiara, Pascucci Marianna, Staccioli Maria Paola, Riccucci Cristina
Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, National Research Council, Rome, Italy.
Ars Mensurae, Rome, Italy.
Front Chem. 2020 Apr 16;8:289. doi: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00289. eCollection 2020.
The aim of this study is to propose a non-invasive multi-spectroscopic approach for the characterization of oil painting artworks that use a copper plates as substrate in place of a canvas. Indeed, in the last decade, many studies have been conducted on artworks made of single materials (e.g., paintings, stones, metals). However, the characterization and conservation of composite artifacts has never be fully investigated even though many masterpieces were created using this particular technique. In this work, several spectroscopic techniques such as Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF), and high spatial resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Optical Microscopy (OM) were performed. The obtained results allowed to fully characterize the micro-chemical and microstructural features of the painted surfaces and of the metal plate. Particularly effective was the use of MA-XRF, resulting in the chemical map of the painted surfaces. Furthermore, traces of the mechanical preparation of the plate were found under the painted layers. Finally, the interface area between the paint film and the metallic support was characterized at a micro scale. This was particularly important in order to identify the degradation products formed by the interaction between the fatty acids of the binder and copper-based substrates.
本研究的目的是提出一种非侵入性的多光谱方法，用于表征以铜板为基底而非画布的油画艺术品。事实上，在过去十年中，已经对由单一材料制成的艺术品（如绘画、石头、金属）进行了许多研究。然而，尽管许多杰作是使用这种特殊技术创作的，但复合文物的表征和保护从未得到充分研究。在这项工作中，采用了几种光谱技术，如红外光谱（FTIR）、能量色散X射线荧光光谱（EDXRF）、高空间分辨率场发射扫描电子显微镜与能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）联用，以及光学显微镜（OM）。所获得的结果能够全面表征涂漆表面和金属板的微观化学和微观结构特征。MA-XRF的使用特别有效，得到了涂漆表面的化学图谱。此外，在涂层下面发现了板材机械加工的痕迹。最后，在微观尺度上对漆膜与金属载体之间的界面区域进行了表征。这对于识别由粘合剂中的脂肪酸与铜基基材相互作用形成的降解产物尤为重要。
