Kane Hélène
Sante Publique. 2020;HS1(S1):81-91. doi: 10.3917/spub.200.0081.
In Mauritania, as in other West African countries, a series of actions has been taken to combat neonatal mortality. Considering the mixed success of these programs, we wondered how health workers are investing in neonatal care.
An anthropological study was carried out in a locality in the Senegal River Valley. The surveys consisted of an ethnography of a health center, which resulted in detailed observations of care and interviews with health workers.
Our observations reveal that in the crucial minutes and hours following a normal birth, the attention of caregivers tends to turn away from the newborn. Recommended care such as keeping warm, examining and monitoring the newborn is not provided, while early breast-feeding occurs in a fluctuating manner. The newborn is quickly handed over to the family. Newborn care is thus "forgotten", both in the sequence of actions around childbirth and in the collective distribution of professional responsibilities.
Newborn care at birth remains poorly medicalized. We analyze the least involvement of health workers with newborns in two aspects : the perception of the uncertainty of neonatal survival, and the predominance of local childbearing. We are making proposals to put the spotlight back on the newborn in order to promote a better quality of neonatal care.
与其他西非国家一样，毛里塔尼亚已采取一系列行动来降低新生儿死亡率。鉴于这些项目成效不一，我们想了解卫生工作者在新生儿护理方面的投入情况。
在塞内加尔河谷的一个地区开展了一项人类学研究。调查包括对一个健康中心的人种志研究，结果是对护理情况进行了详细观察，并对卫生工作者进行了访谈。
我们的观察结果显示，在正常分娩后的关键几分钟和几小时内，护理人员的注意力往往会从新生儿身上转移开。诸如保暖、检查和监测新生儿等推荐的护理措施并未得到落实，而早期母乳喂养的情况也不稳定。新生儿很快就被交给了家人。因此，无论是在分娩前后的一系列行动中，还是在专业职责的集体分配中，新生儿护理都被“遗忘”了。
出生时的新生儿护理仍未得到充分的医疗关注。我们从两个方面分析了卫生工作者对新生儿关注较少的原因：对新生儿存活不确定性的认知，以及当地生育方式的主导地位。我们提出了一些建议，以重新关注新生儿，从而提高新生儿护理质量。
