Jin Liu, MSN, Plastic and Burn Surgery Department, Diabetic Foot Prevention and Treatment Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
Qian Lu, PhD, Peking University School of Nursing, Beijing, China.
J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs. 2020 May/Jun;47(3):276-283. doi: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000653.
To investigate the foot care knowledge and behavior of patients with diabetes to determine effect and current challenges of foot care education, as a basis to improve education and reduce diabetic foot complications.
Quantitative, cross-sectional study.
A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 200 patients with diabetes from the endocrinology clinic of a tertiary general hospital in Beijing between September 2014 and January 2015. Demographic and disease-related data, foot care education, foot risk stratification status, and knowledge and behavior (K&B) scores were collected using investigator-designed questionnaires.
Of the 200 patients, 128 (64.0%) patients received routine diabetes education, and 73 (36.5%) received foot care education. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) for K&B scores were 63.76 ± 14.85, and 59.78 ± 11.17, respectively. The K&B scores of patients who received foot care education (69.54 ± 14.32 and 65.27 ± 11.90) were significantly higher than those who received diabetic education only (60.75 ± 15.27 and 57.54 ± 10.25) and those with no diabetic education (60.21 ± 13.37 and 55.94 ± 8.74) (P < .01). The K&B scores did not differ for patients based on diabetic foot risk strata (P > .05).
The foot care K&B scores of patients with diabetes were low to moderate levels, particularly on items that pertained to self-foot examination, prompt treatment of foot problems, and regular foot inspection by professionals. Individuals with high risk of developing foot complications did not score higher on the K&B questionnaire. These data suggest there is need for improvement in instruction and patient uptake and application of knowledge. We recommend further study on the effectiveness of the delivery of foot care education based on foot risk stratification, and the implications of foot ulcer prevention in community settings.
调查糖尿病患者的足部护理知识和行为，以确定足部护理教育的效果和当前挑战，为改善教育和减少糖尿病足并发症提供依据。
定量、横断面研究。
采用便利抽样法，于 2014 年 9 月至 2015 年 1 月，选取北京某三级综合医院内分泌科 200 例糖尿病患者。采用研究者设计的问卷收集患者的一般人口学资料、疾病相关资料、足部护理教育、足部风险分层状况、知识与行为（K&B）评分。
200 例患者中，128 例（64.0%）患者接受常规糖尿病教育，73 例（36.5%）接受足部护理教育。K&B 评分的均数±标准差分别为 63.76±14.85、59.78±11.17。接受足部护理教育的患者 K&B 评分（69.54±14.32、65.27±11.90）高于仅接受糖尿病教育的患者（60.75±15.27、57.54±10.25）和未接受糖尿病教育的患者（60.21±13.37、55.94±8.74）（P<.01）。不同糖尿病足风险分层患者的 K&B 评分差异无统计学意义（P>.05）。
糖尿病患者足部护理知识和行为水平较低，尤其是自我足部检查、及时处理足部问题和定期由专业人员进行足部检查等项目。足部并发症风险高的患者在 K&B 问卷上的得分并没有更高。这些数据表明，需要改进足部护理教育的指导和患者的接受程度以及知识的应用。我们建议进一步研究基于足部风险分层的足部护理教育的效果，以及在社区环境中预防足部溃疡的意义。
