VA National Center for PTSD; VA Boston Healthcare System; Boston University School of Medicine.
University of Miami.
Behav Ther. 2020 May;51(3):365-374. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.06.004. Epub 2019 Jun 14.
People often overestimate the intensity and duration of their future emotions, referred to as an impact bias. Impact biases have been documented in predictions people make about their own emotions, as well as the others' emotions (i.e., affective and empathic forecasting, respectively). Recent studies have shown that negative impact biases may be stronger, and positive impact biases may be attenuated, in individuals with symptoms of social anxiety. The current study sought to replicate and extend these findings in a Mechanical Turk (MTurk) sample. MTurk is a particularly interesting online platform for such research because of the unusually high prevalence of social anxiety among MTurk users. Within a computer-based survey, 93 MTurk users read vignettes in which a second-person narrator elicited either disgust, anger, or happiness from another person. After each vignette, participants predicted how the narrator (i.e., affective forecasts) and the other person (i.e., empathic forecasts) would feel. Overall, results confirmed the existence of associations between social anxiety symptoms and negative affective and empathic forecasting biases, though no significant relations were found between social anxiety symptoms and positive forecasting biases. Negative affective and empathic forecasting biases were significantly correlated. Age and gender were also examined as potential predictors and moderators of hypothesized effects. Though younger age and female gender were associated with specific forecast ratings, controlling for these variables did not alter the associations between social anxiety and affective or empathic forecasts and no moderation effects were found. Overall, results provide additional support for the relevance of impact biases to social anxiety and suggest that they may be useful targets of intervention.
人们常常高估自己未来情绪的强度和持续时间,这种现象被称为影响偏差。影响偏差在人们对自己和他人情绪的预测中都有记录,分别被称为情感预测和共情预测。最近的研究表明,有社交焦虑症状的个体可能具有更强的负向影响偏差,而正向影响偏差则可能减弱。本研究旨在 MTurk(亚马逊众包平台)样本中复制和扩展这些发现。MTurk 是此类研究的一个特别有趣的在线平台,因为其用户中社交焦虑的异常高发率。在一项基于计算机的调查中,93 名 MTurk 用户阅读了一些情景片段,其中第二人称叙述者使另一个人产生了厌恶、愤怒或高兴的情绪。在每个情景片段之后,参与者预测叙述者(即情感预测)和另一个人(即共情预测)会有何感受。总的来说,结果证实了社交焦虑症状与负面情感和共情预测偏差之间存在关联,但在社交焦虑症状与正面预测偏差之间没有发现显著的关系。负面情感和共情预测偏差呈显著相关。年龄和性别也被视为假设效应的潜在预测因素和调节因素进行了检验。尽管年龄较小和女性性别与特定的预测评分相关,但控制这些变量并不能改变社交焦虑与情感或共情预测之间的关联,也没有发现调节效应。总的来说,结果为影响偏差与社交焦虑的相关性提供了更多支持,并表明它们可能是干预的有用目标。