Ashitha S Niranjana Murthy, Ramachandra Nallur B
Genetics and Genomics Laboratory, Department of Studies in Genetics and Genomics, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, 570006 Karnataka, India.
Neuroscience. 2020 Jul 1;438:25-40. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.051. Epub 2020 May 12.
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are caused by disrupted neurodevelopment leading to socio-communication and behavioural abnormalities. Although genetic anomalies like Copy Number Variations (CNV) have been implicated in ASD, their overall genomic landscape and pathogenicity remain elusive. Therefore, we created a CNV map for ASD using 9337 cases and 5650 controls from SFARI database, statistically marked genomic regions with high and low frequencies of CNVs (i.e., common and rare CNV regions respectively), performed gene function enrichment for CNV genes, built functional networks, pathways and examined their expression in brain tissues. Information thus obtained were cumulatively integrated using a weighted scoring strategy to rank CNV regions by their neuro-functional attributes. Subsequently, we mapped 105 genic CNV regions across 20 chromosomes. They encompassed 537 genes, of which only 59 (11%) genes were identified with Single Nucleotide Variations (SNV) in ASD subjects through sequencing and functional studies, which indicated that diverse sets of genes were affected by CNVs and SNVs in ASD. Overall, syndromic CNV regions displayed the most prominent neuronal functions. While common CNV regions were found in loci 15q11.2, 16p11.2, 22q11.21, 15q13.2-13.3, rare CNV regions in loci 4p16.3, 9q34.3, 7q11.23, 17p11.2 contributed significantly to protein interaction networks and were highly expressed in brain. Enriched CNV genes were clustered in six functional categories with either direct roles in neurodevelopment or auxiliary roles like cellular signalling via MAPK pathway, cytoskeletal organization and transport or immune regulation. Mechanisms through which these molecular systems could independently or in combination trigger an ASD phenotype were predicted.
自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是由神经发育紊乱导致社会沟通和行为异常引起的。尽管像拷贝数变异(CNV)这样的基因异常与ASD有关,但其整体基因组格局和致病性仍不清楚。因此,我们利用西蒙斯基金会孤独症研究倡议(SFARI)数据库中的9337例病例和5650例对照创建了一个ASD的CNV图谱,对CNV频率高和低的基因组区域进行统计学标记(即分别为常见和罕见CNV区域),对CNV基因进行基因功能富集,构建功能网络、通路并检测它们在脑组织中的表达。利用加权评分策略对由此获得的信息进行累积整合,以根据其神经功能属性对CNV区域进行排名。随后,我们在20条染色体上绘制了105个基因性CNV区域。它们包含537个基因,其中通过测序和功能研究在ASD受试者中仅鉴定出59个(11%)带有单核苷酸变异(SNV)的基因,这表明ASD中不同的基因集受到CNV和SNV的影响。总体而言,综合征性CNV区域表现出最突出的神经元功能。虽然在15q11.2、16p11.2、22q11.21、15q13.2 - 13.3位点发现了常见CNV区域,但在4p16.3、9q34.3、7q11.23、17p11.2位点的罕见CNV区域对蛋白质相互作用网络有显著贡献且在脑中高表达。富集的CNV基因聚集成六个功能类别,要么在神经发育中起直接作用,要么起辅助作用,如通过丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)途径进行细胞信号传导、细胞骨架组织和运输或免疫调节。预测了这些分子系统独立或联合触发ASD表型的机制。
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